Strength, drying shrinkage, and water permeability of concrete incorporating ground palm oil fuel ash

Influence of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and W/B Ratios on Compressive Strength, Water Permeability, and Chloride Resistance of Concrete

“…The ratio of WPC ( / control) is the normalized WPC of POFA concrete as compared with the control concrete at the same testing age and W/B ratio (40CT or 50CT concrete). The 40CT and 50CT types of concrete at 28 days had the WPC of 3.01 × 10 −13 and 4.81 × 10 −13 m/s and reduced to 1.96 × 10 −13 and 3.2 × 10 −13 m/s at 90 days, respectively, which was similar to the previous research [24] Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 5 28 and 90 days, respectively, which were lower than those of the control concrete. It should be noted that the 40P15 concrete had a lower compressive strength than that of the 40CT concrete and still had a lower WPC than the 40CT concrete too.…”

“…Use of ground POFA is effective in reducing chloride ion penetration in concrete, which is the same as the result of using fly ash and silica fume in concrete [26]. This improvement in concrete resistivity was due to the pozzolanic reaction, which improved the interfacial bonding between the aggregates and pastes [27,28], resulting in impermeable and dense concrete [29].…”

Influence of curing methods and concentration of NaOH on strength of the synthesized alkaline activated ground slag-ultrafine palm oil fuel ash mortar/concrete

“…[2][3][4] show that the mortar produced with room or ambient curing method produced the lowest 14-and 28-day strength. This could be as a result of limited amount of water available for hydration reactions and slower rate of reaction that limited the reaction kinetics that could favor the formation of C-(A)-S-H.…”

“…These materials especially steel slag and palm oil fuel ash have been used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the OPC mortar or concrete productions [1][2][3][4]. Despite that, there are still vast quantities of these materials that are being disposed as landfills.…”

Toward Sustainability in Concrete Industry by Using Of Solid Wastes from Palm Oil Industry

“…These bars were having 12 mm diameter with 800 mm long and were used as a replacement for steel balls [38]. Depending on the carbon content of the ashes produced, their colors vary from light grey to dark grey [37,[39][40][41][42][43][44]. Finally, it was understood that the fuel industry is the main sources of the raw materials of the POFA, being incinerated in a boiler or other grinding industries.…”