Abstract. Nowadays, one of the most important construction materials is concrete. By the advances of the industries in the urban areas, concrete is considered as one of the highest demands. As a result, the large amount of unprocessed materials is needed for making concrete. In the meantime, the agricultural wastes and solid material disposal are giving serious damages to the environment. As a result, by employing the agricultural wastes as a cementitious material, the undesirable impacts of the concrete industry to the environment will be dramatically decreased. That's because the source of these newly developed concretes is both reliable and environmental friendly. In this study, the utilization of agricultural wastes as a complementary cementitious material for producing the concrete is explained. In addition, it discusses the possibility of deploying the agricultural wastes by considering their engineering, physical and chemical properties. In addition, the successful use of agricultural wastes from oil palm industry such as oil palm shell, palm oil fuel ash and palm oil fibre in the concrete mixture was reported.
Considering sustainability in all stages of construction engineering is a need to protect environment, preserve natural resources and the earth for our own and future generations. An effective way to mitigate environmental impacts of the construction industry is the use of sustainable materials in construction. Among all types of construction materials, concrete is the most-used material for civil and industrial infrastructures. Therefore, successful production and application of green concrete is vital in the industry. To achieve sustainability in concrete production, there are a lot of efforts of researchers to produce concretes by incorporating wastes and by-product materials as cement and/or aggregate replacement in the concrete mixtures. For the past decades to now researchers are trying to develop sustainable concrete using agricultural solid wastes as the aggregate to produce structural concrete. However, these types of concretes are not practically used in the construction industry. This paper is a brief review on the oil palm shell concrete mixtures and discussed the challenges and barriers of implementing this concrete in the practice.
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