Strategies for Traceable Submillimeter-Wave Vector Network Analyzer

Ridler, N M; Clarke, Roland; Li, Chong; Salter, M J

doi:10.1109/tthz.2019.2911870

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…load match, transmission tracking and crosstalk errors) [16]. The performance of these standards has been verified previously against UK primary national reference standards thus establishing metrological traceability to the international system of units (SI) for these measurements [17].…”

Section: Measurement Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultra-Wideband Terahertz Channel Propagation Measurements from 500 to 750 GHz

Serghiou

Khalily

Johny

et al. 2020

2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)

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This paper presents empirically based ultrawideband and directional channel measurements, performed in the Terahertz (THz) frequency range over 250 GHz bandwidth from 500 GHz to 750 GHz. Measurement setup calibration technique is presented for free-space measurements taken at Line-of-Sight (LoS) between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) in an indoor environment. The atmospheric effects on signal propagation in terms of molecular absorption by oxygen and water molecules are calculated and normalized. Channel impulse responses (CIRs) are acquired for the LoS scenario for different antenna separation distances. From the CIRs the Power Delay Profile (PDP) is presented where multiple delay taps can be observed caused due to group delay products and reflections from the measurement bench.

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Section: Measurement Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultra-Wideband Terahertz Channel Propagation Measurements from 500 to 750 GHz

Serghiou

Khalily

Johny

et al. 2020

2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)

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“…Furthermore, for short range scenarios, the channel sounder itself when large in size may act as an undesired reflector. In addition, to allow for accurate THz channel measurements the channel sounding system has to be characterized itself in order to establish metrological traceability to the International System of units (SI) [122].…”

Section: B Requirements For Thz Channel Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: a Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Serghiou¹,

Khalily²,

Brown³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-3.0 THz) spans a great portion of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum that is mostly unoccupied and unregulated. It is a potential candidate for application in Sixth-Generation (6G) wireless networks as it has the capabilities of satisfying the high data rate and capacity requirements of future wireless communication systems. Profound knowledge of the propagation channel is crucial in communication systems design which nonetheless, is still at its infancy as channel modeling at THz frequencies has been mostly limited to characterizing fixed Point-to-Point (P2P) scenarios up to 300 GHz. Provided the technology matures enough and models adapt to the distinctive characteristics of the THz wave, future wireless communications systems will enable a plethora of new use cases and applications to be realized in addition to delivering higher spectral efficiencies that would ultimately enhance the Quality-of-Service (QoS) to the end user. In this paper, we provide an insight into THz channel propagation characteristics, measurement capabilities and modeling methods along with recommendations that will aid in the development of future models in the THz band. We survey the most recent and important measurement campaigns and modeling efforts found in literature based on the use cases and system requirements identified. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of measurements and modeling at such high frequencies and contemplate the future research outlook toward realizing the 6G vision.

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“…|φ(S 21 )| decreases with frequency, likely due to a difference in β between the theoretical model and the physical device. Results from individual TRL calibrations across different subbands can potentially be combined using suitable weighting [13] to improve accuracy.…”

Section: B Trl Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, if manufactured by CNC-milling, their accuracy is limited by the same mechanical tolerances that affect terahertz waveguide flanges. Alternative calibration methods have been proposed to overcome the former limitation, either by replacing the flush through standard with an additional line or by using a pair of 3λ g /4 line standards in two separate TRL calibrations that are later combined [13]. These approaches are suboptimal and can only be scaled to a certain point before fragility concerns again arise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Micromachined Waveguide Calibration Standards for Terahertz Metrology

Campion

Oberhammer

2021

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This article presents precision silicon micromachined waveguide calibration standards for use with terahertz vector network analyzers. This enables the creation of precise, highly repeatable, and traceable terahertz waveguide standards, surpassing the limits of current metrology techniques. A single silicon-on-insulator wafer with the appropriate device and handle layer thicknesses is used to implement a wide range of calibration and verification standards. The design of the standards is discussed from mechanical, electrical, and end-user perspectives. Silicon is shown to be the most promising material for the realization of precision metrology standards. We outline the potential to scale the presented design to at least 2.6 THz. Eight types of WM-570 standard, totaling 15 prototypes, are fabricated and characterized between 325 and 500 GHz. Despite some fabrication anomalies, all devices offer excellent performance. The best micromachined standards offer a return loss in excess of 40 dB, an insertion loss of below 0.1 dB, and a phase error of less than 1 • . The standards are utilized in both one-and two-port calibrations, including the multiline through-reflect-line algorithm. These are benchmarked against calibrations performed using conventional metallic standards, with a high degree of agreement observed between error-corrected measurements of a range of test devices.

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Strategies for Traceable Submillimeter-Wave Vector Network Analyzer

Abstract: There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Ultra-Wideband Terahertz Channel Propagation Measurements from 500 to 750 GHz

Ultra-Wideband Terahertz Channel Propagation Measurements from 500 to 750 GHz

Terahertz Channel Propagation Phenomena, Measurement Techniques and Modeling for 6G Wireless Communication Applications: a Survey, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Silicon Micromachined Waveguide Calibration Standards for Terahertz Metrology

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