Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration

Liu, Yanxi; Shah, Karan M.; Luo, Jian

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.770655

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Cartilage is composed of a low number of specialized cells called chondrocytes and a large amount of ECM which consists of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a proteoglycan-based ground. The proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix are highly negatively charged, thereby attracting a large volume of water into the cartilage tissue [ 123 ]. Compared with other connective tissues, cartilage has limited repair capacity due to its avascular, aneural structure, low cell density, and because it prevents access of progenitor cells to the injury site.…”

Section: Applications Of Micro/nano-structured Materials For Soft And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2022

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Failure of tissues and organs resulting from degenerative diseases or trauma has caused huge economic and health concerns around the world. Tissue engineering represents the only possibility to revert this scenario owing to its potential to regenerate or replace damaged tissues and organs. In a regeneration strategy, biomaterials play a key role promoting new tissue formation by providing adequate space for cell accommodation and appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues to support cell proliferation and differentiation. Among other physical cues, the architectural features of the biomaterial as a kind of instructive stimuli can influence cellular behaviors and guide cells towards a specific tissue organization. Thus, the optimization of biomaterial micro/nano architecture, through different manufacturing techniques, is a crucial strategy for a successful regenerative therapy. Over the last decades, many micro/nanostructured biomaterials have been developed to mimic the defined structure of ECM of various soft and hard tissues. This review intends to provide an overview of the relevant studies on micro/nanostructured scaffolds created for soft and hard tissue regeneration and highlights their biological effects, with a particular focus on striated muscle, cartilage, and bone tissue engineering applications.

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Section: Applications Of Micro/nano-structured Materials For Soft And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2022

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“…Chondrocytes secrete aggrecan, type II collagen, type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinases and other substances to maintain the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix, thereby maintaining normal structure and function of articular cartilage. 6 , 38–40 Under the combined action of inflammatory factors, mechanical stimulation and other external inducing factors, the level of catabolism in the cartilage matrix will be significantly higher than the level of anabolism, resulting in imbalances in articular cartilage matrix metabolism, destruction of the extracellular matrix and the triggering of OA. 41–44 …”

Section: Abnormal Metabolism Of the Extracellular Matrix And Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Channel and Inflammation-Mediated Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Lin¹,

Deng²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Articular cartilage allows the human body to buffer and absorb stress during normal exercise. It is mainly composed of cartilage cells and the extracellular matrix and is surrounded by the extracellular microenvironment formed by synovial fluid and various factors in it. Studies have shown that chondrocytes are the metabolic center of articular cartilage. Under physiological conditions, the extracellular matrix is in a dynamic balance of anabolism and catabolism, and various factors and physical and chemical conditions in the extracellular microenvironment are also in a steady state. This homeostasis depends on the normal function of proteins represented by various ion channels on chondrocytes. In mammalian chondrocyte species, ion channels are mainly divided into two categories: cation channels and anion channels. Anion channels such as chloride channels have become hot research topics in recent years. These channels play an extremely important role in various physiological processes. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that many pathological processes, abnormal concentration of mechanical stress and chloride channel dysfunction in articular cartilage lead to microenvironment disorders, matrix and bone metabolism imbalances, which cause partial aseptic inflammation. These pathological processes initiate extracellular matrix degradation, abnormal chondrocyte death, hyperplasia of inflammatory synovium and bony. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common clinical disease in orthopedics. Its typical manifestations are joint inflammation and pain caused by articular cartilage degeneration, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Focusing on the physiological functions and pathological changes of chloride channels and pathophysiology of aseptic inflammation furthers the understanding of OA pathogenesis and provides possible targets for subsequent medication development.

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“…In this context, the preservation of joint tissues is fundamental to joint health and the improvement of quality of life. At present, clinical treatments can only relieve symptoms, including pain and disability, but cannot stop the progression of degenerative events, nor can they regenerate lost cartilage [6]. Several approaches have been pursued to develop engineered bioscaffolds to stimulate osteochondral regeneration with improved functional properties [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipotential Role of Growth Factor Mimetic Peptides for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

Rizzo

Palermo

D’Amora

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Articular cartilage is characterized by a poor self-healing capacity due to its aneural and avascular nature. Once injured, it undergoes a series of catabolic processes which lead to its progressive degeneration and the onset of a severe chronic disease called osteoarthritis (OA). In OA, important alterations of the morpho-functional organization occur in the cartilage extracellular matrix, involving all the nearby tissues, including the subchondral bone. Osteochondral engineering, based on a perfect combination of cells, biomaterials and biomolecules, is becoming increasingly successful for the regeneration of injured cartilage and underlying subchondral bone tissue. To this end, recently, several peptides have been explored as active molecules and enrichment motifs for the functionalization of biomaterials due to their ability to be easily chemically synthesized, as well as their tunable physico-chemical features, low immunogenicity issues and functional group modeling properties. In addition, they have shown a good aptitude to penetrate into the tissue due to their small size and stability at room temperature. In particular, growth-factor-derived peptides can play multiple functions in bone and cartilage repair, exhibiting chondrogenic/osteogenic differentiation properties. Among the most studied peptides, great attention has been paid to transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein mimetic peptides, cell-penetrating peptides, cell-binding peptides, self-assembling peptides and extracellular matrix-derived peptides. Moreover, recently, phage display technology is emerging as a powerful selection technique for obtaining functional peptides on a large scale and at a low cost. In particular, these peptides have demonstrated advantages such as high biocompatibility; the ability to be immobilized directly on chondro- and osteoinductive nanomaterials; and improving the cell attachment, differentiation, development and regeneration of osteochondral tissue. In this context, the aim of the present review was to go through the recent literature underlining the importance of studying novel functional motifs related to growth factor mimetic peptides that could be a useful tool in osteochondral repair strategies. Moreover, the review summarizes the current knowledge of the use of phage display peptides in osteochondral tissue regeneration.

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Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration

Cited by 74 publications

References 128 publications

From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

Chloride Channel and Inflammation-Mediated Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Multipotential Role of Growth Factor Mimetic Peptides for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

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