Strain typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococcal species in dogs and people associated with dogs in Thailand

Abstract

Aims: This study was to investigate and to characterize methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) harboring in dogs and people associated with dogs in Thailand. Methods and Results: Staphylococci were collected from 100 dogs, 100 dog owners, 200 small animal veterinarians and 100 people without pet association. Species of MRCoPS were identified phenotypically and genotypically. Molecular characteristics were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCCmec typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assayed by broth microdilution and by microarray analysis for resistance genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans (MRSSc) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated from dogs (45, 17 and 1%, respectively), veterinarians (8, 2 and 1Á5%, respectively) and dog owners (3, 2 and 0%, respectively). Seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified among 83 MRSP isolates which specifically carried SCCmec V, II-III, ΨSCCmec 57395 and three uncharacterized SCCmec types. MRSP ST 45, 68 and novel STs including 169, 178, 181 and 183 were shared among canine and human isolates. Most of MRSA ST398 and MRSSc carried SCCmec type V. The MRCoPS commonly displayed multiple resistances to tested antimicrobials and carried various resistance genes. Conclusion: Variety of MRCoPS, especially new MRSP clones, distributed in dogs and people in Thailand. Significance and Impact of the Study: The existence of MRCoPS circulating between dogs and humans in Thailand provides indirect evidence of interspecies transmission and represents a potential public health hazard.

Characterization of a Novel Composite Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Thailand

“…So far, only five SCCmec elements have been completely characterized in MRSP, including SCCmec II-III, SCCmec VII-241, SCCmec V, ⌿SCCmec 57395 , and SCCmec IV, and are mainly associated with predominant clones of the following sequence types (ST): ST71, ST93, ST68, ST233, ST45, and ST261 (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Recently, MRSP strains of ST112 and ST111 (a single locus variant of ST112) isolated from dogs and veterinarians in Thailand were found to contain an unusual combination of the class A mec gene complex with the type I ccr gene complex, suggesting a new SCCmec type (15). We therefore aimed to characterize this novel SCCmec element and to determine whether it is conserved within other MRSP isolates of the same clonal lineage.…”

“…MRSP strains of ST111 and ST112 were obtained from a previous study and are listed in Table 1 (15). Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, including those determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antibiotic resistance gene detection, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), were determined previously (15).…”

“…MRSP strains of ST111 and ST112 were obtained from a previous study and are listed in Table 1 (15). Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, including those determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antibiotic resistance gene detection, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), were determined previously (15). In this study, the strains were additionally tested for mec-associated direct repeat unit (dru) and spa types (16,17), for the presence of the novel SCCmec element, and for resistance to heavy metals.…”

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

“…MRSA ST398 that was identiied in dogs and cats in France carried a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, cat, that mediates resistance to nonluorinated phenicols [117]. On the other hand, MRSA isolated in Portugal and Thailand from dogs and Germany from cats possessed a lorfenicol-chloramphenicol exporter gene, fexA, that mediates resistance to both luorinated and nonluorinated phenicols [205][206][207]. MRSA ST398 isolated from an Austrian dog sufering from vaginitis harbored the vatC gene that inactivates streptogramin A [208].…”

“…for combined resistance to lincosamides, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A), and a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase lunB gene (confers resistance only to lincosamides), were present in the MRSA ST45 isolated from dogs in Thailand [205]. In France, an MRSA strain (agr III-t008-IV) isolated from a synovial luid of dog was positive for pvl [117].…”