Stomatognathic evaluation at five years of age in children born premature and at term

Abstract

BackgroundThe high frequency of alterations of the stomatognathic system associated with premature birth may suggest that prematurity is an important risk factor in the development of this system. Prematurity has an incidence between 6-11% of births and is associated with factors such as genetic, maternal conditions (obstetric problems, nutritional status, infections) and antenatal care. In addition, undesirable situations, such as changes in enamel and the development of the skeletal structure, also appears to be associated with prematurity. This study aimed to look for changes in the stomatognathic system at five years of age associated with premature birth.MethodsWe estimated the prevalence of developmental disorders of the stomatognathic system in the primary dentition of preschool children at five years of age. Changes in preterm infants (n = 32) compared with term born (n = 381) were evaluated . Clinical examinations and questionnaire with sociodemographic and health of mothers and children information. Gestational age, birth weight, head circumference, Apgar score and mechanical ventilation, were collected from the medical records to birth records. The explanatory variable was preterm (<37 weeks gestational age).ResultsResults: Prevalence of 7.7% of preterm infants was found. Of these, 40.6% had atresic palate, 56.2% malocclusion and 21.8% enamel hypoplasia. Forty (9.6%) children were not breastfed at the breast, and 26 (65.0%) had some type of malocclusion, showing association between not breastfeeding with an abnormal development of the stomatognathic system. The group of preterm infants showed five times more changes in head circumference and three times more mechanical ventilation use at birth. Change in head circumference at birth and mechanical ventilation has a significant association between groups of preterm and term infants.ConclusionsMechanical ventilation at birth directly contributed to an increased risk of developmental disorders of the stomatognathic system in preterm infants, especially dental hypoplasia. Non-breastfed children had a higher risk of developing malocclusion. Alterations in head circumference were related effective on dental malocclusion. The results suggest that changes in the stomatognathic system are influenced by premature birth and points to the imperative need of using methods of preventive.

Does Infant Orthopedics and Neonate Lip Surgery Influence the Occlusal Relationship in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP)?

“…Further studies, more homogeneous, with greater sample and an integral vision and not only aesthetics are needed, which assess the interarch relationship and maxillary growth (Uzel and Alparslan, 2011; Van der Heijden et al, 2013) with the use of passive orthopedics associated with nasal stents. In this context, the present design of IO can be considered promising, since the technique is easy to perform, reproducible, enables proprioceptive stimuli (passive design, velar extension, and mark for tongue position) from the stomatognathic system (suction, breathing, swallowing, and phonation) (Guedes et al, 2015) and coupling contemporary nasal stents (Matsuo and Hirose, 1991; Grayson et al, 1991; Bennum et al, 1999; Maull et al, 1999; Liou et al, 2004; Pai et al, 2005; Ezzat et al, 2007; Yang et al, 2011; Grayson and Cutting, 2011; Rau et al, 2015). Desai (1983) observed that, in the first weeks of life, the baby has a very strong sucking reflex, which becomes a masticatory stimulus after 8 to 10 weeks.…”

Oral manifestations in premature infants. A systematic review

“…As a consequence of the mentioned risk factors, some authors consider that preterm children may have a higher prevalence of maxillary compression, associated to a high-arched palate, posterior crossbite and an elongated facial shape [48,49]. Other authors have reported no differences in terms of the prevalence of malocclusion, but they have found differences in the prevalence of alterations in head diameter [50].…”

Perfil alimentar de crianças nascidas prematuras e alterações no sistema estomatognático no período dos 24 aos 36 meses de idade corrigida

“…No que tange ao Sistema Estomatognático (SE) uma região anatomofuncional, composta por estruturas da cabeça, face e pescoço, as quais funcionam de forma integrada, incluindo os ossos da cabeça, músculos, articulações, dentes, lábios, glândulas, artérias, veias e nervos, a alta ocorrência de alterações sugere que a prematuridade é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento adequado deste sistema. As experiências alimentares podem ocorrer tardiamente ou de forma ineficiente, aumentando as chances de distúrbios orofaciais esqueléticos devido à pobre estimulação do SE (Guedes et al, 2015). As funções orais de sucção, respiração, mastigação e a deglutição exercem influencias sobre o desenvolvimento das estruturas duras e moles do SE (Melo et al, 2016;Rugolo, 2005;Tambeli, 2014).…”