Stimulus-response control strategy based on autonomous decentralized system theory for exploitation of flexibility by virtual power plant

Hua, Zhou; Fan, Shangchun; Wu, Qing; Dong, Lianxin; Li, Zuyi; He, Guangyu

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116424

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The algorithms used more frequently are alternating direction method on the multiplier [63], computation offloading [64], blockchain (or cloud computing) [65], and distributed robust optimization [66]. For example, in [67], a decentralized architecture, based on a stimulus-response control and reinforcement learning method is proposed to control thousands of DERs (photovoltaic, electric vehicles, and air conditioners). Another representative example of decentralized architecture can be found in [68], where a blockchain model is employed to aggregate several prosumers and provide ancillary services to the power system.…”

Section: Control Coordination and Planning Strategies For Aggregators...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electric power systems are moving toward more decentralized models, where energy generation is performed by small and distributed power plants, often from renewables. With the gradual phase out from fossil fuels, however, Distribution Energy Resources (DERs) are expected to take over in the provision of all regulation services required to operate the grid. To this purpose, the opening of national Ancillary Service Markets (ASMs) to DERs is considered an essential passage. In order to allow this transition to happen, current opportunities and barriers to market participation of DERs must be clearly identified. In this work, a comprehensive review is provided of the state-of-the-art of research on DER integration into ASMs. The topic at hand is analyzed from different perspectives. First, the current situation and main trends regarding the reformation processes of national ASMs are analyzed to get a clear picture of the evolutions expected and adjustment required in the future, according to the scientific community. Then, the focus is moved to the strategies to be adopted by aggregators for the effective control and coordination of DERs, exploring the challenges posed by the uncertainties affecting the problem. Coordination schemes between transmission and distribution system operators, and the implications on the grid infrastructure operation and planning, are also investigated. Finally, the review deepens the control capabilities required for DER technologies to perform the needed control actions.

show abstract

Section: Control Coordination and Planning Strategies For Aggregators...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These systems describe an aggregation of DERs that are able to operate either in islanded mode isolated from the bulk power system, or in a grid-connected fashion using a Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to the main grid [70]. The use of ESSs and local controllable loads further facilitates the balance of power in the grid via real-time control and/or shedding mechanisms [71]. In turn, having more controllable devices broadens the possibilities for the implementation of advanced feedback control algorithms to appropriately regulate, optimize, and coordinate the power grid.…”

Section: Low-inertia Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) have emerged as a modern real-time energy management architecture that seeks to synergistically coordinate an aggregation of renewable and non-renewable generation systems to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of traditional power grids dominated by synchronous machines. In this survey paper, we review the different existing and emerging feedback control mechanisms and architectures used for the real-time operation of VPPs. In contrast to other works that have mostly focused on the optimal dispatch and economical aspects of VPPs in the hourly and daily time scales, in this paper we focus on the dynamic nature of the system during the faster sub-hourly time scales. The virtual (i.e., software-based) component of a VPP, combined with the power plant (i.e., physics-based) components of the power grid, make VPPs prominent examples of cyber-physical systems, where both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics play critical roles in the stability and transient properties of the system. We elaborate on this interpretation of VPPs as hybrid dynamical systems, and we further discuss open research problems and potential research directions in feedback control systems that could contribute to the safe development and deployment of autonomous VPPs.INDEX TERMS Smart grids, renewable energy, virtual power plant, feedback control, multi-agent hybrid dynamical systems.

show abstract

“…e specific parameters of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, thermal generators, energy storage systems, and various types of EVs are shown in Table 5 [43].…”

Section: Example Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Allocation Model of Virtual Power Plant Capacity considering Electric Vehicles

Geng

Tan

Niu

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To push forward the development of electric vehicles while improving the economy and environment of virtual power plants (VPPs), research on the optimization of VPP capacity considering electric vehicles is carried out. In this paper, based on this, this paper first analyzes the framework of the VPP with electric vehicles and models each unit of the VPP. Secondly, the typical scenarios of wind power, photovoltaic, electric vehicle charging and discharging, and load are formed by the Monte Carlo method to reduce the output deviation of each unit. Then, taking the maximization of the net income and clean energy consumption of the VPP as the objective function, the capacity optimal allocation model of the VPP considering multiobjective is constructed, and the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is introduced to represent the investment uncertainty faced by the VPP. Finally, a VPP in a certain area of Shanxi Province is used to analyze a calculation example and solve it with CPLEX. The results of the calculation example show that, on the one hand, reasonable selection of the optimal scale of EV connected to the VPP is able to improve the economy and environment of the VPP. On the other hand, the introduction of CVaR is available for the improvement of the scientific nature of VPP capacity allocation decisions.

show abstract

Stimulus-response control strategy based on autonomous decentralized system theory for exploitation of flexibility by virtual power plant

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review

Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

Optimal Allocation Model of Virtual Power Plant Capacity considering Electric Vehicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About