Stigma: Barrier to Mental Health Care Among Ethnic Minorities

Gary, Faye A.

doi:10.1080/01612840500280638

Cited by 460 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Notably, those meeting survey criterion for PTSD were more likely than those without PTSD to rate mental health care and individual counseling as important. Our overall sample data confirm prior research investigating barriers to mental health access for low-income African Americans (Gary, 2005;Hines-Martin, et al, 2003;Snowden, 2001). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Others have found that subjects often deny mental illness to maintain the positive regard of others and to avoid personal embarrassment (Cooper-Patrick, Brown, & Palenchar, 1995;Gary, 2005). Likewise, families may become stigmatized when a relative needs psychiatric care (Gary, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that low-income African Americans are less likely to receive mental health services and are more prone to seek mental health care via emergency services or primary care (Gary, 2005;Snowden, 2003;Snowden & Pingitore, 2002). Hines-Martin, Malone, Kim, and Brown-Piper, (2003) propose three types of barriers to help-seeking behavior and to mental health access among low-income African Americans: individual (e.g., stigma, competing responsibilities, knowledge deficits), institutional (e.g., bureaucratic red tape), and cultural (e.g., family opposition).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment barriers for low‐income, urban African Americans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder

Davis

Ressler

Schwartz

et al. 2008

Journal of Traumatic Stress

138

103

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African Americans in low-income, urban communities are at high risk for exposure to traumatic events as well as for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Approximately 22% of 220 participants recruited from urban hospital medical clinics met survey criteria for PTSD. Among the common traumas were having relatives/friends murdered (47%), being attacked with weapons (64% of men), and being sexually attacked (36% of women). Although desiring mental health services, only 13.3% of those with PTSD had prior trauma-focused treatment. Barriers to treatment included limited transportation and finances, family disapproval, and unfamiliarity with accessing treatment, among others. These data highlight the need for an awareness of the high prevalence of trauma and PTSD in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment barriers for low‐income, urban African Americans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder

Davis

Ressler

Schwartz

et al. 2008

Journal of Traumatic Stress

138

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Consequently, our review has made a significant addition to the literature of population group moderators in the relationship between stigma and help-seeking. Gary (2005) proposed that people from ethnic minority groups experience double stigma whereby racism outside and within mental health services is added to the public and internalized stigma of mental illness to deter help-seeking. For males, gender stereotypes (e.g.…”

Section: Population Group Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies

et al. 2014

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Background. Individuals often avoid or delay seeking professional help for mental health problems. Stigma may be a key deterrent to help-seeking but this has not been reviewed systematically. Our systematic review addressed the overarching question: What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking for mental health problems? Subquestions were: (a) What is the size and direction of any association between stigma and help-seeking? (b) To what extent is stigma identified as a barrier to help-seeking? (c) What processes underlie the relationship between stigma and help-seeking? (d) Are there population groups for which stigma disproportionately deters help-seeking?Method. Five electronic databases were searched from 1980 to 2011 and references of reviews checked. A meta-synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies, comprising three parallel narrative syntheses and subgroup analyses, was conducted.Results. The review identified 144 studies with 90 189 participants meeting inclusion criteria. The median association between stigma and help-seeking was d = − 0.27, with internalized and treatment stigma being most often associated with reduced help-seeking. Stigma was the fourth highest ranked barrier to help-seeking, with disclosure concerns the most commonly reported stigma barrier. A detailed conceptual model was derived that describes the processes contributing to, and counteracting, the deterrent effect of stigma on help-seeking. Ethnic minorities, youth, men and those in military and health professions were disproportionately deterred by stigma.Conclusions. Stigma has a small-to moderate-sized negative effect on help-seeking. Review findings can be used to help inform the design of interventions to increase help-seeking.

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“…It manifests itself in language, in disrespect, in interpersonal relationships, and in behaviours 15,16 . Also, with respect to stigmatised perception, the participants mentioned the loss of affective capacities, such as a low level of tolerance and motivation, which hinders the recognition of productive capacity.…”

Section: Comunicação Saúde Educação 2015; 19(54):479-90mentioning

confidence: 99%

O adoecimento mental: percepções sobre a identidade da pessoa que sofre

Nascimento

Brêda

Albuquerque

2015

Interface (Botucatu)

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The perceptions that women followed up at psychosocial care centers have about themselves, other people and society, in view of their mental illness, were addressed. The influence that this service had on their identities was examined. This was a qualitative, descriptive study using topical life histories.Data were gathered through interviews, direct observation and a field diary. Thematic analysis was interpreted using Goffman's framework. The results revealed that these women's perceptions of identity differed from before to after their mental illness. They perceived that their families were distant from them, with difficulty in dealing with the illness; that professionals were welcoming; and that psychosocial centers contributed towards reconstruction and expression of identities, thereby promoting self-knowledge, guidance and emotional support. However, they saw that the service lacked refinement of actions for ensuring rights and investment in new aid strategies with the capacity to defend possible identities that are flexible and adaptable.Keywords: Personal identity. Mental health services. Mentally ill individuals. Psychological stress. COMUNICAÇÃO SAÚDE EDUCAÇÃO 2015; 19(54):479-90Introduction Study seeks to understand how women with mental illness undergoing treatment in a mental health service facility (re)construct and reveal their identity through their perception of self, of others and society.Identity is the set of features, images and feelings that a person recognises as being part of him or her self 1 . The discovery of identity depends on the person and the negotiations he or she undertakes with others occurring at any given moment and in any given context 2,3 . It is metamorphosis and is historically constituted, since the human being, full of possibilities, constantly (re)constructs him or herself throughout the course of his or her life and is both protagonist and author of his or her own history 4 .Thus, although the construction of identity in the contemporary world occurs within vast intertwining arenas of insecurity, in which life is bound to the dynamics of a globalized capitalist economy and interconnected with an institutionalised and permanent risk environment, living and surviving in this conjuncture enables it to be mutable, flexible and adaptable 5,6 .Goffman separates identity into three dimensions: social identity, personal identity, and ego identity. Social identity is defined by people who do not know the person in question. What they know about the individual is either what they have heard, what they have been socially permitted to know through the observation of the context which they frequent, or comes from their ancestors and information received from third parties. Personal identity, on the other hand, is constructed from a person's life stories. With respect to the ego identity, the individual is permitted to construct his or her own identity, which is more intimate, similar to the essence of the individual; how the person identifies him or herself 7 .This study concern...

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Stigma: Barrier to Mental Health Care Among Ethnic Minorities

Cited by 460 publications

References 83 publications

Treatment barriers for low‐income, urban African Americans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder

Treatment barriers for low‐income, urban African Americans with undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder

What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies

O adoecimento mental: percepções sobre a identidade da pessoa que sofre

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