Stevioside and rebaudioside A - predominant ent-kaurene diterpene glycosides of therapeutic potential: a review

Abstract

Gupta E., Purwar S., Sundaram S., Tripathi P., Rai G. (2016): Stevioside and rebaudioside A -predominant ent-kaurene diterpene glycosides of therapeutic potential -a review. Czech J. Food Sci., 34: 281-299.Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a Paraguayan perennial herb of the family Asteraceae. The leaves contain a great amount of secondary metabolites with a wide range of important biological activities commonly known as steviol glycosides which differ in their molecular configuration, power of sweetness and their taste profile. Out of various steviol glycosides, the main compounds of interest are diterpenoid glycosides of ent-kaurene type extracted from the leaves of this plant as non-toxic, thermally stable, low-calorie natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A. These glycosides are a high-quality sugar substitute or dietary supplement with diverse applications in the medicinal world along with the food and beverage industry. This review article is aimed at the chemistry of stevioside and rebaudioside A, possible biosynthetic pathways, their metabolism and acceptable daily intake along with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic applications.

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“…Bioactive compounds are heterogeneous group of essential and non-essential compounds commonly present in small concentrations in plants and food products. It haves the potential to provide health benefits beyond the basic nutritional value of the product 13 . Recently microalgae have received attention due to its novel and structurally diverse bioactive compounds.…”

Sweetening Agents and Sweeteners in Dietary Supplements for Children-Analysis of the Polish Market

“…Steviol glycosides extracted from Stevia rebaudiana have been used in Europe as sweeteners since November 2011 when Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1131/2011 permitted them for use in the European Union [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], which had been preceded by positive scientific opinion on their safety issued by the European Food Safety Authority [ 35 ]. In the studied DS group, 4.76% of products contained steviol glycosides used in combination with synthetic agents or polyols.…”

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bioactive effects: From in vivo to clinical trials towards future therapeutic approaches

“…Currently, its cultivation is spread in other parts of the world, including Canada and some regions of Asia and Europe. Belonging to the 950 genera of the Asteraceae family, this plant is widely known as "high-quality, no-calorie biosweetener" (Gupta et al, 2016;Ruiz-Ruiz, Moguel-Ordoñez, Matus-Basto, & Segura-Campos, 2015). In fact, the Stevia genus includes 230 species, but only S. rebaudiana gives a sweet essence.…”

“…The extensive investigations carried out in this area have highlighted, through phytochemical analyzes, that many chemical constituents present in stevia also exert prominent biological effects, among them antioxidant, antidiabetic (antihyperglycemic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic), antimicrobial, antiplatelet, anticariogenic, and antitumor properties (Cekic, Vasovic, Jakovljevic, Mikov, & Sabo, ). In fact, the use of stevia for medicinal purposes has a long history, being its leaves widely applied in ancient Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for various chronic and nonchronic diseases, including cardiovascular, kidney, and inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and even dental caries (Gupta, Purwar, Sundaram, Tripathi, & Rai, ). More interestingly, an area in exponential growth is the functionalization of numerous products and foodstuffs, in which stevia can be easily included as a food ingredient.…”