Steroid Compounds Isolation from Carthamus tinctorius Linn as Antimalarial

Hamsidi, Rini; Wahyuni, _; Fristiohady, Adryan; Malaka, Muhammad Hajrul; Sahidin, Idin; Ekasari, Wiwied; Widyawaruyanti, Aty; Hafid, Ahmad Fuad

doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00924

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Carthamine, safflor yellow A, B, safflomin C and precarthamine are examples of these natural dyes, which are red and yellow C-glucosylquinochalcone groups (phenolic compounds) [26]. Safflower florets contain alkaloids, e.g., safflospermidine A and safflospermidine B and coumaroylspermidine derivative; steroids, e.g., sitosterol, stigmasterol and daucosterol; and quinochalcone glycosides [27][28][29]. When the carotenoids were extracted using a Soxhlet and the safflower florets were extracted using reflux, the maximum total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids were achieved (Table 3).…”

Section: Antioxidant Capacity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water dissolves polar molecules selectively, whereas hexane or ethyl acetate selectively solubilizes non-polar chemicals. Safflower florets contain a wide range of chemical components, including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids/terpenoids, saponins, glycosides and others [27][28][29]. The largest amounts of phytochemical compounds are recovered from safflower florets using 70 % ethanol and methanol solvents.…”

Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Various Extraction Methods and Solvents on the Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Safflower Florets (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) from South Sulawesi

Satrianegara,

Tahar,

Rukmana

et al. 2024

Trends Sci

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Safflower is a traditional medicine commonly applied for the treatment of varicella in South Sulawesi. The aim of this study is to study the effect of extraction methods and solvents on phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity in the extraction of safflower. The study began with sample extraction with various solvents, i.e., water, ethanol 70, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane and various methods, i.e., reflux, Soxhlet, hot maceration, cold maceration and room temperature maceration. Each extract was standardized for its phytochemical content, i.e., phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacities were also determined by the radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, total antioxidant capacity, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power. The results indicated that the optimum total phenolic content was obtained when the florets were refluxed with methanol, flavonoids were refluxed with 70 % ethanol and carotenoids were Soxhleted with methanol. The research data also showed that 70 % ethanol and methanol have maximal antioxidant capacity. The results conclude that 70 % ethanol and methanol as solvents have the potential to extract the highest levels of phytochemical content and antioxidant substances. HIGHLIGHTS The phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of safflower floret extract are influenced by the selection of solvent and extraction method. Polar solvents (70 % ethanol or methanol) can efficiently extract higher levels of phytochemical components and antioxidant substances from safflower florets. The hot extraction approach exhibits a higher potential for extracting phytochemical content compared to the cold extraction method, but its antioxidant capacity exhibits the opposite. The application of cold maceration, combined with methanol or 70 % ethanol as solvents, has been identified as a promising method for the extraction of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant substances. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Section: Antioxidant Capacity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Various Extraction Methods and Solvents on the Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Safflower Florets (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) from South Sulawesi

Satrianegara,

Tahar,

Rukmana

et al. 2024

Trends Sci

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“…Jika dilihat dari kandungan senyawa pada kulit batang ketapang, ada kemungkinan senyawa-senyawa tersebut mempunyai aktivitas toksik [2]. Ketoksikan suatu obat/bahan obat perlu dilakukan sebagai uji pendahuluan dalam mengamati aktifitas farmaklogis untuk dilanjutkan uji farmakologi lainnya dan sebagai informasi tentang keamanannya [3,4] Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) merupakan uji pendahuluan yang mengarah pada uji aktivitas toksik senyawa metabolit sekunder menggunakan larva udang Artemia salina Leach sebagai hewan uji. Aktivitas toksik diketahui dari jumlah kematian larva A. salina Leach karena pengaruh ekstrak atau senyawa bahan alam pada konsentrasi yang diberikan [5,6].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak dan Fraksi Kulit Batang Ketapang Laut (Terminalia Catappa L.) Menggunakan Metode BSLT

Sartinah¹,

Yamin²,

Arba³

et al. 2020

Pharmauho

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AbstrakToksisitas akut merupakan kemampuan suatu bahan kimia (obat/bahan obat) dalam menimbulkan kerusakan pada suatu organisme dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ketoksikan akut dari ekstrak metanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air kulit batang ketapang laut (Terminalia catappa L.). Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dan menggunakan analisis program untuk mengetahui nilai LC50 dari ekstrak dan fraksi. Hasil uji toksisitas akut menunjukan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak metanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air kulit batang ketapang laut (Terminalia catappa L. ) berturut-turut 247,997 ppm; 400,666 ppm dan 618,046 ppm. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ekstrak metanol batang ketapang laut (Terminalia catappa L.) bersifat paling toksik dibandingkan fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air.Kata kunci: Ekstrak, Fraksi, Terminalia catappa L., BSLT, Artemia salina LeachAbstractAcute toxicity is the ability of chemical (drug/drug ingredient) to cause damage to organisms in a relatively short time. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for acute toxicity of methanol extract, ethyl acetate and water fractions of sea ketapang stem skin (Terminalia catappa L.). Acute toxicity testing was performed using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method and program analysis to determine the LC50 values of extracts and fractions. The results of the acute toxicity test showed the LC50 values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate and water fractions of the plant stem skin consecutively were 247,997 ppm; 400,666 ppm and 618,046 ppm. This shows that the methanol extract of sea ketapang stems (Terminalia catappa L.) is the most toxic compared to the ethyl acetate and the water fraction.Keywords: Extract, Fraction, Terminalia catappa L., BSLT, Artemia salina Leach

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Comparison between the Diagnostic Performances of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) using Advantage Malaria Card Pf/Pv Ag, Microscopy, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Malaria Suspected patients at the Merauke Regional General Hospital

Betaubun

Adiatmaja

Butarbutar

et al. 2023

RJPT

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Malaria prevalence in Indonesia is still high, especially in eastern Indonesia, namely Papua, reaching a peak of 16%, for example, in Merauke. The diagnosis of Malaria is conducted according to the gold standard, using the microscopy method. However, it is still limited, raising the need for a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) examination. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performances of Immunochromatography (ICT) based RDT (using Advantage Malaria Card Pf/Pv Ag), compared to the diagnostic performances of microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).This cross-sectional observational study took all fever patients of outpatient and inpatient care at the Merauke Regional General Hospital (hereinafter referred to as RSUD Merauke) from June to July 2019 as the samples. The sample population included all malaria patients with positive microscopy results, and the control population included all non-malarial fever patients at RSUD Merauke. Each specimen underwent microscopy (thick and thin preparations), RDT, and Real-Time (RT)-PCR tests using a Rotor Gene-Q (Qiagen) with abTESTM malaria 5qPCR III reagent. The diagnostic performances of RDT were analyzed by calculating its sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). The study was conducted on 105 samples, namely 55 malaria samples and 50 control samples, who underwent microscopy, RDT, and RT-PCR. RDT sensitivity to microscopy, P. vivax 100%, P. falciparum 89.5%; specificity of P. vivax 95.7%, P. falciparum 97.7%. RDT sensitivity to RT-PCR, P. vivax 53.5%, P. falciparum 48.6%; specificity of P. vivax 100%, P. falciparum 98.5%. The RDT p-value for microscopy and RT-PCR was p=0.000. RDT k-coefficient of microscopy, P. vivax 0.937, P. falciparum 0.871. RDT k-coefficient of PCR, P. vivax 0.427, P. falciparum 0.531. RDT is more sensitive to P. vivax than microscopy. RDT is more specific to P. vivax than RT-PCR. Further studies are suggested to discuss anti-malaria drug resistance and sequencing.

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Steroid Compounds Isolation from Carthamus tinctorius Linn as Antimalarial

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

The Effect of Various Extraction Methods and Solvents on the Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Safflower Florets (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) from South Sulawesi

The Effect of Various Extraction Methods and Solvents on the Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Safflower Florets (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) from South Sulawesi

Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak dan Fraksi Kulit Batang Ketapang Laut (Terminalia Catappa L.) Menggunakan Metode BSLT

Comparison between the Diagnostic Performances of Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) using Advantage Malaria Card Pf/Pv Ag, Microscopy, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Malaria Suspected patients at the Merauke Regional General Hospital

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