1999
DOI: 10.1007/pl00010249
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Stereochemistry of the Addition of Bromine to Acenaphthylene Derivatives: Substituent and Solvent Effects

Abstract: Addition of bromine to acenaphthylene and 5-bromoacenaphthylene in aprotic solvents of different polarity is not stereospeci®c: both trans and cis isomers of the corresponding 1,2-dibromides are formed. In general, the relative proportion of syn addition increases with decreasing solvent polarity; the highest percentage of cis products is observed in 1,4-dioxane. The stereochemistry of bromine addition to nine additional 3-, 5-, and 5,6-substituted acenaphthylenes in dioxane is reported. A number of new cis-1,… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…A mixture of 5,6‐dinitroacenaphthylene (242 mg, 1 mmol), 3,6‐diphenyltetrazine (240 mg, 1 mmol), and dry o ‐xylene (25 mL) was refluxed for 48 h. The solvent was removed, and the rest was chromatographed on Al 2 O 3 with CHCl 3 elution. Evaporation of the main yellow fraction gave compound 36 (95 mg, 21%) as yellow‐orange crystals with mp = 251–253 °C (decomp., benzene).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A mixture of 5,6‐dinitroacenaphthylene (242 mg, 1 mmol), 3,6‐diphenyltetrazine (240 mg, 1 mmol), and dry o ‐xylene (25 mL) was refluxed for 48 h. The solvent was removed, and the rest was chromatographed on Al 2 O 3 with CHCl 3 elution. Evaporation of the main yellow fraction gave compound 36 (95 mg, 21%) as yellow‐orange crystals with mp = 251–253 °C (decomp., benzene).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Es gibt allerdings eine Reihe von Halogenadditionen, die überwiegend oder sogar selektiv zum cisProdukt verlaufen, und das ausgerechnet in unpolaren Lö-sungsmitteln -in diesen Fällen muss ein vollkommen anderer Mechanismus vorliegen. Das Auftreten offenkettiger kationischer Zwischenstufen ist ohne die Stabilisierung durch [6][7][8][9] Wir zeigen nun, dass die Addition von Brom an gespannte Alkine (Cyclooctin und Tetramethylthiacycloheptin-1,1-dioxid) nahezu selektiv über eine syn-Addition verläuft und dass als Zwischenstufe nicht das bisher postulierte Kontaktionenpaar von Br 3 À und B' durchlaufen wird, sondern dass Br 3 À in wenig polaren Lösungsmitteln eine kovalente Bindung mit dem "kationischen" Zentrum eingeht (Schema 1, C'). Dieses Tribromid-Addukt wird aus einem p-Komplex gebildet und lagert sich direkt zum Produkt (Dibromid) um, ohne dabei eine kationische Zwischenstufe zu durchlaufen.…”
Section: Professor Herbert Meier Zum 65 Geburtstag Gewidmetunclassified
“…Trotz seiner ungewöhnlichen Struktur [21] [23][24][25] zeigen, dass die Aktivierungsbarriere (7!9)°für die Bildung des Aktivierungsenergie zur Bildung von 15 aus dem p-Komplex 14 zumindest im Stammsystem Ethylen zu hoch, um mit dem klassischen Mechanismus über das Bromonium-Ion zu konkurrieren. In substituierten Systemen wie Acenaphthylen, das unter geeigneten Reaktionsbedingungen Brom vorzugsweise cis-addiert, [7,8] …”
Section: Professor Herbert Meier Zum 65 Geburtstag Gewidmetunclassified
“…In substituted systems like acenaphthylene, which adds bromine preferentially cis, however, an intermediate analogous to 15 is likely. [7,8] Received: August 13, 2004 Revised: November 3, 2004 Published online: January 21,2005 . Keywords: alkynes · bromination · density functional calculations · electrophilic addition · reaction mechanisms…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A number of authors interpret the predominantly observed syn addition as the collapse of a contact ion pair composed of the tribromide anion and the corresponding carbocation B or B', which is faster than the reorientation of the Br 3 À and a subsequent backside attack. [6][7][8][9] We now present experimental work showing that the addition of bromine to strained alkynes (cyclooctyne and tetramethylthiacycloheptyne-1,1-dioxide) gives almost exclusively syn products, and we present theoretical evidence that the intermediate is not a contact ion pair of Br 3 À and the vinyl cation B'. Instead, in solvents of low polarity the Br 3 À anion forms a covalent bond with the cationic center (Scheme 1, C').…”
mentioning
confidence: 95%