Stem Cells and Tendon Regeneration

Advanced strategies for constructing interfacial tissues of bone and tendon/ligament

“…Thus, the limited nutrient exchange caused by its anatomical features can explain why the enthesis has low cellular density, with 55%–70% of the enthesis being extracellular matrix (ECM), which mainly contains water. 53 This may also explain why enthesis tissue healing is slow after injury.…”

“… 54 Fibrocytes are the most common cell type in Zone I, accounting for 90%–95% of all cells. 53 Fibrocytes are mostly derived from fibroblasts, which are locally embedded in intra-fibril spaces and have a larger variation potential and a higher reproduction rate than fibrocytes. 49 , 55 – 57 Fibrocytes and fibroblasts are the main producers of the ECM in Zone I and they produce almost all ECM components.…”

Advancements in 3D‐printed artificial tendon

“…Additionally, they contain specialized cells called tenocytes (90%–95%) which are responsible for maintaining tendon homeostasis, regulating tissue repair, and producing extracellular matrix components (Figure 1). 2–5 Injury or degeneration of tendons can result from a variety of factors, including trauma, overuse, aging, and underlying medical conditions. Tendon‐related pathologies, such as tendinitis, tendinosis, and tendon tears, can cause pain, loss of function, and impairment in daily activities 6 .…”

“…Tendons are essential for everyday activities, ranging from simple tasks to athletic performances. Understanding the anatomy, composition, and function of tendons is crucial for healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking to maintain their musculoskeletal health 1,2 . Tendons are composed mainly of collagen fibers, which provide tensile strength and structural integrity.…”