Stem cell origin differently affects bone tissue engineering strategies

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering approaches are encouraging for the improvement of conventional bone grafting technique drawbacks. Thanks to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation ability, stem cells are one of the major actors in tissue engineering approaches, and among these adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold a great promise for regenerative medicine strategies. Bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) are the first- identified and well-recognized stem cell population used in bone tissue engineering. Nevertheless, several factors hamper BM-MSC clinical application and subsequently, new stem cell sources have been investigated for these purposes. The fruitful selection and combination of tissue engineered scaffold, progenitor cells, and physiologic signaling molecules allowed the surgeon to reconstruct the missing natural tissue. On the basis of these considerations, we analyzed the capability of two different scaffolds, planned for osteochondral tissue regeneration, to modulate differentiation of adult stem cells of dissimilar local sources (i.e., periodontal ligament, maxillary periosteum) as well as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), in view of possible craniofacial tissue engineering strategies. We demonstrated that cells are differently committed toward the osteoblastic phenotype and therefore, taking into account their specific features, they could be intriguing cell sources in different stem cell-based bone/periodontal tissue regeneration approaches.

Wharton’s Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Comparing Human and Horse

“…The quite early increasing of DT of eWJMSCS observed in this study has never been observed before in our laboratory, and subsequently mean doubling time was higher than in previous studies (21). A possible explanation could be that, for the present research, the culture medium was changed, and equine cells were cultured in the same medium routinely used for human MSCs (22). Further studies culturing eWJMSCs in different conditions are needed to ascertain such hypothesis.…”

Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering

“…45 However, the use of MSCs is limited in a clinical setting due to the need for GFs for MSC growth and expansion, MSC low yield and the inherent heterogeneity they display in their multi-differentiation potential. 46 This heterogeneity has been reported to occur within the same single-cell-derived colony, and no matter how pure the pure colony is, it will still result in a heterogeneous population upon passaging. In fact, these challenges and benefits from addressing emergent population heterogeneity are not limited to MSCs, and they can be considered for other tissue-derived stem cells and induced pluripotent cell populations and can be overcome by sorting by label-free biophysical markers or by biophysical or other characteristics.…”

Hypoxia enhances periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathway

“…In 2004, Seo et al (2004) identified periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) from periodontal tissue and proposed this concept for the first time. PDLSCs promote the development of tissue engineering because of their characteristic clone-forming ability, proliferation, and pluripotent stem cell differentiation potential (Mattioli-Belmonte et al, 2015;Vandana et al, 2015).…”