Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering

Abstract

Presently, there is a high paucity of bone grafts in the United States and worldwide. Regenerating bone is of prime concern due to the current demand of bone grafts and the increasing number of diseases causing bone loss. Autogenous bone is the present gold standard of bone regeneration. However, disadvantages like donor site morbidity and its decreased availability limit its use. Even allografts and synthetic grafting materials have their own limitations. As certain specific stem cells can be directed to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs), it makes stem cells the ideal agents for bone regeneration. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. This review provides in-depth knowledge regarding the use of stem cells and PRP in vitro, in vivo and their application in clinical studies in the future.

Systematic Comparison of the Effect of Four Clinical-Grade Platelet Rich Hemoderivatives on Osteoblast Behaviour

“…The action of these preparations relies on the secretion of a cocktail of proteins from platelet-α-granules. As autologous formulations, prepared via relatively simple chairside fabrication, these blood products have recently generated considerable interest in clinical regenerative medicine [2][3][4][5]. Growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived epidermal growth factor (PDEGF) and fibrin matrix proteins, are found in these preparations at a higher concentration than in blood, and have been proposed to directly contribute to accelerating tissue regeneration [5][6][7].…”

Impacts of platelet‐rich fibrin and platelet‐rich plasma on primary osteoblast adhesion onto titanium implants in a bisphosphonate in vitro model

“…The PRP was used for cell culture experiments at a final concentration of 2.5% in the culture medium, whereas PRF was used at a concentration of 5% according to the results of the pre‐investigation. Concentrations chosen are consistent with those used by Choi et al and Fernandes and Yang . Zoledronate (ZA; Zoledronsäure HEXAL® 4 mg/5 mL) was obtained in sterile 4 mg/5 mL intravenous infusion form.…”

Gene-Enhanced Personalized Regenerative Medicine for Bone

“…Some of the Factors and Genes Are Shown in Osteogenesis. 20 been demonstrated that the activation of CDK1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through phosphorylation of EZH2, the catalytic subunit of PRC2, that in turn catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). 24 However, epigenetic mechanisms are not limited to the following.…”