Systematic Comparison of the Effect of Four Clinical-Grade Platelet Rich Hemoderivatives on Osteoblast Behaviour

Abstract

Hemoderivatives have utilized in an empirical manner, driven by clinical considerations, leading to the development of a plethora of manufacturing protocols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition and bioactivity of four common clinical-grade hemoderivates prepared using standardised methods. Four different hemoderivatives were obtained from sheep blood and divided into two groups: A-PRF/i-PRF (fresh) and P-PRP/L-PRP (anticoagulated). Thrombus (CLOT) was used as a control. Thrombocyte quantification, growth factor composition (IGF-I, VEGF, PDGF-BB, BMP-2), cell viability, migration and mineralization assay were evaluated. Platelet recovery was superior for L-PRP followed by P-PRP. A significant cumulative release of IGF-I and PDGF-BB was noted for A-PRF and L-PRP groups at early time points. Similar release profiles of BMP-2 and VEGF were noted in all protocols. Cell viability and migration assay have demonstrated a detrimental effect when the concentration was ≥60%. Moreover, at Day 21, i-PRF have demonstrated superior mineralisation properties when compared to all groups. A negative impact of A-PRF was demonstrated at high concentrations. Despite its low content in growth factors, i-PRF was the best performing blood product for inducing osteoblast mineralisation, and therefore could be the candidate of choice for utilisation in bone tissue engineering applications.

Red and Yellow Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Demonstrated Differential Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation

“…The growth factors previously found in i-PRF are VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1, which can either directly induce new bone formation or indirectly promote bone healing [ 15 , 20 ]. The bone-morphogenic protein-2 release profile from i-PRF was inferior compared with a natural blood clot, but exhibited a better correlation between protein level and mineralization [ 21 ]. In contrast, the accumulated release of insulin-like growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factors presented a significantly higher total release than platelet-rich plasma product after 10 d [ 17 ].…”

“…In contrast, the accumulated release of insulin-like growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factors presented a significantly higher total release than platelet-rich plasma product after 10 d [ 17 ]. Although biochemical signals are released from i-PRF, their effects on cells are limited and, surprisingly, not concentration-dependant [ 21 ]. Several studies found a wide range of biocompatibility using 20‒100% conditioned media from i-PRF on human fibroblasts [ 17 ] and osteoblasts [ 8 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Although biochemical signals are released from i-PRF, their effects on cells are limited and, surprisingly, not concentration-dependant [ 21 ]. Several studies found a wide range of biocompatibility using 20‒100% conditioned media from i-PRF on human fibroblasts [ 17 ] and osteoblasts [ 8 , 21 , 22 ]. Optimal cell viability also varied over 1‒5 d [ 17 , 21 ].…”

“…Several studies found a wide range of biocompatibility using 20‒100% conditioned media from i-PRF on human fibroblasts [ 17 ] and osteoblasts [ 8 , 21 , 22 ]. Optimal cell viability also varied over 1‒5 d [ 17 , 21 ]. Moreover, PRF membranes demonstrated high chemotactic activity and mineralization by dental pulp stem cells at a 20% dilution of the concentrated growth factor medium obtained similar to our protocol [ 23 ].…”

Deciphering the secretome of leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin: towards a better understanding of its wound healing properties

“…In recent years, many studies have analysed in vitro the impact of PRC in order to evaluate proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different cell types [11][12][13][14] . At the same time, other groups have tried to figure out which proteins provide the regeneration properties to PRC.…”