Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapy for nerve injury: A review of the molecular mechanisms

Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen synergically alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury

“…In addition, we observed that in the treatment groups, especially the IR-Exos + HBO group, the levels of IL-10 cytokine as an anti-inflammatory agent and the numerical density of neurons also increased. In this regard, it has been documented that the hpMSCs-Exos have immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties [ 9 ]. Cheshmi et al.…”

“…Recently, several studies have pointed to the great potential of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs) in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. However, in these studies, the ability of hpMSCs to repair SCI is believed to be primarily due to the secretion of paracrine exosomes from these cells, not to their multi-potential differentiation [ 9 , 10 ]. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that are secreted by cells and contain compounds such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.…”

“…Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that are secreted by cells and contain compounds such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid. These vesicles play a very important role in cell communication, cell differentiation, and even tissue function [ 9 ]. Compared to cells, exosomes are safer, more stable, have a longer half-life in circulation, and can cross the blood-brain barrier [ 11 , 12 ].…”