Steel slag in China: Treatment, recycling, and management

Guo, Jifeng; Bao, Yanping; Wang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.045

Cited by 526 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…High‐quality IF steel has been called for to meet growing demand. The qualities of such steel include cleanliness, strength, toughness, and rolling yield, and these qualities are influenced by many factors, including the type, size, and location distribution of inclusions in the steel slab . High‐quality IF steel has been investigated by many scholars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qualities of such steel include cleanliness, strength, toughness, and rolling yield, and these qualities are influenced by many factors, including the type, size, and location distribution of inclusions in the steel slab. [3][4][5][6] High-quality IF steel has been investigated by many scholars. It is generally agreed that the formation of Al 2 O 3 at an acute angle with a size of %10 μm damages the quality of Alkilled titanium-alloyed IF steel, causing defects in the metal during its deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization Transformation of Inclusions Using Rare Earth Ce Treatment on Al‐Killed Titanium Alloyed Interstitial Free Steel

Gao

Wang

Guo

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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By using the thermodynamic calculation of evolution of inclusions that contain rare earths, industrial‐scale modification experiments are conducted. Energy spectroscopy analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, original morphology analysis, and Factsage 7.2 software are used to analyze the evolution mechanisms of inclusions in Al‐killed titanium‐alloyed interstitial free steel. The results reveal that different substances are formed in the following order: Ce2O3(s) > Ce2O2S(s) > CeAlO3(s) > CeO2 (s), with the wt[%Ce] reaching a range of 0–0.01 according to thermodynamic calculation. After Ce treatment, irregular Al2O3 inclusions with a size of 10–15 μm are wrapped by rare earth and then gradually modified into spheroidal CeAlO3, Ce2O3, and Ce2O2S inclusions with a size of ≈5 μm and distributed into interstitial free slabs. A geometric model is developed for the formation of oxide inclusions to illustrate the process of modification. The disregistries between the two‐dimensional lattice parameters of the nucleating phase (Ce2O3 and Ce2O2S) and the substrate (δ‐Fe) at the interfaces are 6.21% and 5.77%, respectively, as measured by modified calculations performed during the heterogeneous nucleation phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Transformation of Inclusions Using Rare Earth Ce Treatment on Al‐Killed Titanium Alloyed Interstitial Free Steel

Gao

Wang

Guo

et al. 2019

steel research int.

Self Cite

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“…In addition, it produces revenues, making the by‐products recycling economically sustainable . To improve the environmental and economical sustainability of its production processes, the steel industry is committed to find new solutions for increasing the waste and by‐products recycling rate . This is in accordance with the concept of “industrial symbiosis” (IS), which aims at achieving a more sustainable and integrated industrial system by identifying business opportunities for underutilized resources (e.g., materials, energy, water, capacity, expertise, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Scenario Analyses for By‐Products Reuse in Integrated Steelmaking Plants by Combining Process Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization Techniques

Matino

Branca

Fornai

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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Steel industry consumes resources and produces important amounts of by‐products. Process modeling, simulation, and optimization can address field tests for maximizing by‐products reuse. The improvements of a long‐lasting research activity on slag reuse by deepening aspects, only marginally considered in the past, are presented herein. An Aspen Plus‐based model is developed to assess different basic oxygen furnace slag pretreatment configurations or involved techniques. A previously developed superstructure is upgraded, considering more slag pretreatments and qualities. A simplified Aspen Plus‐based model of mixing of the different pretreated by‐products is applied to evaluate the chemical composition of pellets in each scenario, starting from the computed mixtures. The developed tools are exploited to get a holistic view of steelmaking by‐products reuse and make multiobjective optimization studies which provide different results. For instance, the mixture to be pelletized completely changes if final product quality is (or not) considered in the optimization. Regarding the optimization combining all the considered objective functions, the best slag treatment includes a wet high‐intensity magnetic separation stage, and only some slag qualities are considered in the pellet mixture. A preliminary economic analysis confirms that an optimal combination of internal and external recoveries of by‐products can produce noteworthy revenues.

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“…Statistically, the annual output of steel slag has reached more than 100 million tons, while its utilization rate was only 29.5%. 20 The low utilization rate has become a key challenge for China. In addition, as the third largest country in the world, China has abundant silicon resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of steel slag and quartz sand‐tailing for the preparation of an eco‐friendly permeable brick

Liu

Lin

et al. 2019

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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In order to effectively utilize industrial solid wastes (ISW), an eco-friendly permeable brick was successfully prepared by using quartz sand-tailing and steel slag. The influence of sintering temperature on the properties including permeability, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, mechanical strengths, and chemical stability was systematically investigated. The research results show that with increasing sintering temperature, the structure of the permeable brick gradually become dense, which may be due to liquid phase sintering caused by a small amount of glass-liquid phase (Ca-Fe-Si-Al-O glass system). The permeability, apparent porosity, and water absorption decrease gradually, while the bulk density and mechanical strengths increase monotonously. Furthermore, the best sintering schedule for the permeable brick is 1320°C for 1 hour, with the optimized parameters, the permeable brick exhibits excellent properties (permeability, 3.65 × 10 −2 cm/s; compressive strength, 34.1 MPa; bending strength, 5.2 MPa; chemical stability, above 99%), wherein the permeability is far beyond Chinese standard (1 × 10 −2 cm/s). The permeable brick in this work provides a promising way for the recycle of ISW. Even better, it can maximize the introduction of quartz sand-tailing and steel slag (reach 100%) and create huge economic benefits while protecting environment. K E Y W O R D S mechanical strengths, permeability, permeable brick, quartz sand-tailing, steel slag How to cite this article: Liu J, Li C, Lin C, et al. Use of steel slag and quartz sand-tailing for the preparation of an eco-friendly permeable brick.

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Steel slag in China: Treatment, recycling, and management

Cited by 526 publications

References 62 publications

Characterization Transformation of Inclusions Using Rare Earth Ce Treatment on Al‐Killed Titanium Alloyed Interstitial Free Steel

Characterization Transformation of Inclusions Using Rare Earth Ce Treatment on Al‐Killed Titanium Alloyed Interstitial Free Steel

Scenario Analyses for By‐Products Reuse in Integrated Steelmaking Plants by Combining Process Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization Techniques

Use of steel slag and quartz sand‐tailing for the preparation of an eco‐friendly permeable brick

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