Characterization Transformation of Inclusions Using Rare Earth Ce Treatment on Al‐Killed Titanium Alloyed Interstitial Free Steel

Gao, Shuai; Wang, Min; Guo, Jifeng; Wang, Hao; Zhi, Junge; Bao, Yanping

doi:10.1002/srin.201900194

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…4. 17) It can be seen from the figure that when the content of the rare earth Ce is less than 0.01%, only CeAlO 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 2 S, and CeO 2 are formed. When Table 3.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Calculation Of the Formation Ofmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…After adding rare earth Ce in the later stage of refining, due to the fact that the Gibbs free energy of activity O and S in Ce and steel is much lower than that of Al and O (Table 3), it is easy to form rare earth oxysulfide. 17,24,25) Al 2 O 3 particles are transformed into rare earth oxides by oxygen extraction and combined with other composite inclusions. Some rare earths even combine with oxygen in Al 2 O 3 directly to form Al-O-Ce and other compounds.…”

Section: Effect Of Ce On Transformation Mechanism and Distribution Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Rare Earth Ce on the Morphology and Distribution of Al2O3 Inclusions in High Strength IF Steel Containing Phosphorus during Continuous Casting and Rolling Process

et al. 2021

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This paper analyzes the control of Al 2 O 3 inclusions in high strength IF steel containing phosphorus. The inclusion statistics and two-dimensional morphology of samples with slab thickness of 1/8, 1/2 and 7/8, and the samples with hot rolling, cold rolling and continuous annealing processes were observed and compared by ASPEX SEM. In addition, the three-dimensional morphology of the inclusions extracted from the electrolysis of slab samples and the original morphology of inclusions from the rolling process samples were observed and compared. The results show that: When rare earth Ce is added to the steel, the combination of Ce with activity O and S in the steel has lower Gibbs free energy, and it is easy to generate CeAlO 3 , Ce 2 O 2 S, Ce 2 O 3 , composite rare earth inclusions combined with other inclusions. The concentration and supersaturation of aluminum and oxygen are reduced, and the ability of single particle Al 2 O 3 to aggregate into large-scale cluster inclusions is reduced. The average size of Al 2 O 3 inclusions decreased from 5-7 μm to 2-5 μm in each thickness direction. The morphology of inclusions changed from long strip, sharp angle and cluster to spherical, spindle and round surface. Meanwhile, the number density of Al 2 O 3 inclusions increase, but the area density decreases during continuous casting and rolling process. The size of Al 2 O 3 inclusions in the steel without rare earth addition is mostly large-scale strip shape, and it is crushed during rolling,resulting quality defects on the exposed surface and causing the stamping crack problem. When rare earth is added to the steel, the inclusions in the steel change into small-sized circular inclusions with dispersion distribution. The modulus of elasticity is close to that of the steel matrix, which will not affect the continuity of the strip structure, and is beneficial to the relevant properties of the product.

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“…4. 17) It can be seen from the figure that when the content of the rare earth Ce is less than 0.01%, only CeAlO 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 2 S, and CeO 2 are formed. When Table 3.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Calculation Of the Formation Ofmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Effect Of Ce On Transformation Mechanism and Distribution Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Ce on the Morphology and Distribution of Al2O3 Inclusions in High Strength IF Steel Containing Phosphorus during Continuous Casting and Rolling Process

et al. 2021

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“…5(e)) is enriched on the reaction interface with a good coupling correspondence, which proves that the Ce 2 O 3 is formed through the reaction between Ce and O on the interface. The Ce-Fe binary phase diagram calculated by FactSage 7.2 using the thermodynamic database of RE-X binary alloy [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] is employed to reveal the evolution process of phases during the melting process, as shown in Fig. 6.…”

Section: Melting Process Of Cerium Ferroalloy In the Molten Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to study the application of rare earth elements in a more comprehensive and systematical way, some researchers [24][25][26][27][28][29] have developed the thermodynamic database for the binary alloy system RE-X (RE: Ce, La, Gd, Nd, Sm, Lu, Ho, Er; X: Ag, Cr, Mn, V, Zn, Bi). However, few detailed results were reported on an actual melting process and the reaction behavior between cerium ferroalloy and molten steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Behaviour between Cerium Ferroalloy and Molten Steel during Rare Earth Treatment in the Ultra-low Carbon Al-killed Steel

Wang

Gao

et al. 2021

ISIJ Int.

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In this work, the melting process and reaction behaviour of cerium ferroalloy in the liquid ultra-low carbon interstitial free steel was investigated through a special designed hot crucible experiment using standard metallographic techniques including SEM, EDS, XRF, and XRD in combination with the thermodynamic software FactSage 7.2. The evolution mechanism of cerium-containing phases in the cerium ferroalloy during the melting process was proposed. The cerium-containing phases stretched and migrated along the direction of heat flow, in further the arms of the network structures became thinner and finally dissolved into the molten steel. It was concluded that the thinner of network structures' arms, the higher of the Ce content in cerium-containing phases. During the melting process, the cerium content in the cerium-enriched phase was increased from 43.9 wt% in the matrix of the cerium ferroalloy to 90.44 wt% in the reaction zone, and the average width of the network arms was decreased from 18 μm to 2 μm accordingly. The main reaction products in the interface among cerium ferroalloy, molten steel, and slag were Ce 2 O 3 and CeAlO 3 .

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“…Cai and Li [ 20 ] studied the effect of Ce addition on inclusions in AISI 202 stainless steel, and found that when the content of Ce is among 0.011 and 0.016 wt%, the spherical multiphase inclusions containing CeAlO 3 and Ce 2 O 2 S form. Wang et al [ 21,22 ] experimentally investigated the effect of Ce addition on the nonmetallic inclusions in Al‐killed spring steel and pointed out with the addition of Ce, Al 2 O 3 inclusion is modified via the route of Al 2 O 3 → Ce 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 → Ce 2 O 2 S, but the Al 2 O 3 ·MgO spinel inclusion is modified via the route of Al 2 O 3 ·MgO →Ce 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 ·MgO or Ce 2 O 2 SAl 2 O 3 ·MgO → Ce 2 O 3 or Ce 2 O 2 S. Gao et al [ 23 ] investigated the inclusion modification mechanism in Al‐killed IF steel with the addition of Ce with thermodynamic calculation and industrial experiment and concluded that after Ce treatment, the irregular Al 2 O 3 inclusions were first surrounded with rare‐earth Ce and then gradually modified into spheroidal CeAlO 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , and Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions. Huang et al [ 24 ] carried out plant trials and thermodynamic calculation to investigate the effect of Ce on the inclusions in H13 steel and concluded that the Al 2 O 3 ·MgO spinel inclusion is effectively modified into cerium oxide (CeO) and cerium oxy‐sulfide (CeOS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ce Addition on Inclusions and Grain Structure in Gear Steel 20CrNiMo

Luo

Shen

et al. 2020

steel research int.

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Through laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculation, the chemical composition and morphology of inclusion and grain size in the cast melt are comprehensively characterized herein. The results show the evolution of Al2O3 inclusion formed by Al deoxidation in the gear steel 20CrNiMo follows the route of Al2O3 → CeAlO3 → Ce2O2S → Ce2O2S + CeS, and thus the nucleation core of complex CemnS sulfides changes from CeAlO inclusion to CeOS inclusion with the increase in Ce addition. Moreover, grain size of gear steel 20CrNiMo treated by Ce addition decreases from 491.4 to 164.0 μm, because both the Ce2O2S and CeS form with Ce addition and have potential to be effective heterogeneous nucleation agents for the primary δ‐ferrite during the solidification process of gear steel 20CrNiMo. And statistical results show that the percentage of small inclusion with a diameter less than 3 μm are, respectively, 64.4%, 86.5%, 96.4%, 93.6%, and 75.6% in the steel samples with Ce content of 0, 13, 31, 77, and 203 ppm. Thus, the recommended Ce content to achieve fine inclusions and solidification structure of gear steel 20CrNiMo is 31 ppm.

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Characterization Transformation of Inclusions Using Rare Earth Ce Treatment on Al‐Killed Titanium Alloyed Interstitial Free Steel

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Rare Earth Ce on the Morphology and Distribution of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions in High Strength IF Steel Containing Phosphorus during Continuous Casting and Rolling Process

Effect of Rare Earth Ce on the Morphology and Distribution of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions in High Strength IF Steel Containing Phosphorus during Continuous Casting and Rolling Process

Reaction Behaviour between Cerium Ferroalloy and Molten Steel during Rare Earth Treatment in the Ultra-low Carbon Al-killed Steel

Effect of Ce Addition on Inclusions and Grain Structure in Gear Steel 20CrNiMo

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