Steady-state heat distribution in epidermis, dermis and subdermal tissues

Thermal storage and insulation properties of a diver dry suit

“…In accordance with other skin models [1,6,8,9], the skin is assumed to consist of three layers with different physiological properties: the epidermis (outermost layer of skin), the dermis (intermediate layer), and the subcutaneous fatty layer. These three layers are denoted by R 4 , R 5 and R 6 .…”

“…The temperature distribution in the skin region is determined by the Pennes' bio-heat equation [2,8,9, 10]…”

“…In general, T b is a function of the central blood pool temperature, the counter current heat exchange between arteries and veins, and body location [2]. Here we are unable to model the central blood pool temperature and the counter current heat exchange process so we assume T b is constant [8,9].…”

“…In view of the properties of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the thermal conductivities in each region are assumed constant but vary between layers [9] and the rate of metabolic heat generation and the rate of blood perfusion are negligible in the epidermis, uniform in subcutaneous tissue, and vary linearly in the dermis [8,9]. That is,…”

Numerical Analysis of Drug Diffusion in Human Dermal Region with Linear Shape Function

“…et. al (1973) [2] and Chao and Yang(1975)[3] to study heat diffusion in dermal region .Similar equation has been widely used by Saxena and his coworkers (1981,1983,1987,2009) [14,15,16]. In most of the cases finite element method has been employed by Saxena.…”