Thermoregulation through Skin under Variable Atmospheric and Physiological Conditions

Sanyal, D. C.; Maji, N. K.

doi:10.1006/jtbi.2000.2231

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The cold challenge activates specific responses of the system, which operate at both local (peripheral) and systemic (central) levels to restore the basal temperature and preserve homeostasis. 4,22 The thermoregulatory system was modeled through two hierarchical control units: a higher level unit (supervisor) and a lower feed-back level (executor) driven by the supervisor. Our model is univocally identified by a set of functional parameters (k, h, a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Homeostasis is basically maintained by a negative feedback loop, similar to a thermostat 19 which regulates the energy exchange with the environment at the cutaneous level through metabolic and hemodynamic processes that determine the cutaneous temperature at any given time. 22 Experimental evidence shows that thermoregulatory response after the cold stress challenge is instantaneous. Thus, it can be assumed that the regulatory processes are activated instantaneously and simultaneously just after the cold stress, all together synergistically concurring into determining the actual value of the cutaneous temperature.…”

Section: Scrotal Thermoregulatory Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scrotal Thermoregulatory Model and Assessment of the Impairment of Scrotal Temperature Control in Varicocele

et al. 2010

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Varicocele is defined as the pathological dilatation of the pampiniform plexus and scrotal veins with venous blood reflux. Varicocele may impair scrotal thermoregulation and spermatogenesis, even when present in asymptomatic forms. In this study, we use the control system theory to model scrotal thermoregulation in response to a standardized cold challenge in order to study the functional thermal impairment secondary to varicocele. The proposed model is based on a homeostatic negative feedback loop, characterized by four distinct parameters, which describe how the control mechanisms are activated and maintained. Thermal infrared images series from 49 young patients suffering from left varicocele and 17 healthy controls were processed. With respect to healthy controls, left varicocele patients presented higher basal scrotal temperature and faster recovery of the left hemiscrotum. The model indicated that varicocele alters local heat exchange processes among cutaneous layers and inner structures. The estimated model parameters help in the assessment of the scrotal thermoregulatory impairment secondary to the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scrotal Thermoregulatory Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrotal Thermoregulatory Model and Assessment of the Impairment of Scrotal Temperature Control in Varicocele

et al. 2010

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“…25 Homeostasis is basically maintained by a negative feedback loop, similar to a thermostat, 21 which regulates the energy exchange with the environment at the cutaneous level through metabolic and hemodynamic processes that determine finger temperature at any given time. 23 Employing Control System Theory, the homeostatic process can be seen as a feedback controlled system. This kind of system considers a reference signal to produce the desired output.…”

Section: Finger Thermoregulatory Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger Thermoregulatory Model Assessing Functional Impairment in Raynaud’s Phenomenon

et al. 2009

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Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) is a paroxysmal vasospastic disorder of small arteries, pre-capillary arteries, and cutaneous arteriovenous shunts of the extremities, typically induced by cold exposure and emotional stress. RP is either primary (PRP) or secondary to systemic sclerosis. In this study we use Control System Theory to model finger thermoregulatory processes in response to a standardized cold challenge (a diagnostic test routinely performed for differential diagnosis of RP). The proposed model is based on a homeostatic negative feedback loop, characterized by five distinct parameters which describe how the control mechanisms are activated and maintained. Thermal infrared imaging data from 14 systemic sclerosis subjects (SSc), 14 PRP, and 16 healthy control subjects (HCS) were processed. HCS presented the fastest active recovery, with the highest gain. PRP presented the slowest and weakest recovery, mostly due to passive heat exchange with the environment. SSc presented an intermediate behavior, with the longest delay of response onset. The estimated model parameters elucidated the level of functional impairment expressed in the various forms of this disease.

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“…106 Biomedical engineers have attempted to model accurately bioheat transfer in tissues since it is the basis for the human thermotherapy 152 and the human thermoregulation system. 153 Table II summarizes the characteristics of the bioheat transfer models discussed above.…”

Section: Iiif Applications Of Bioheat Transfer Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Therapy, Part IV: Electromagnetic and Thermal Dosimetry

Habash

Bansal

Krewski

et al. 2007

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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ABSTRACT:In this article some of the important techniques in electromagnetic (EM) and thermal dosimetry are reviewed. Three major areas are discussed: modeling power deposition and estimation of EM energy absorbed by tissues exposed to EM radiation, electrical-thermal modeling for thermal therapy with various models of heat transfer in living tissues, and thermal dosimetry using invasive and noninvasive thermometry. Knowledge about the temperature distributions achieved can only be obtained by treatment planning of patient therapy. This process is called thermal therapy planning system (TTPS), which is a large and complex system for design, control, documentation, and evaluation of the treatment that also provides data for treatment optimization. Various imaging techniques for guidance and monitoring necessary for clinical treatments are also discussed. The review concludes by suggesting future avenues for investigations.

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Thermoregulation through Skin under Variable Atmospheric and Physiological Conditions

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Scrotal Thermoregulatory Model and Assessment of the Impairment of Scrotal Temperature Control in Varicocele

Scrotal Thermoregulatory Model and Assessment of the Impairment of Scrotal Temperature Control in Varicocele

Finger Thermoregulatory Model Assessing Functional Impairment in Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Thermal Therapy, Part IV: Electromagnetic and Thermal Dosimetry

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