Steady state analysis of gas networks with distributed injection of alternative gas

Abeysekera, Muditha; Wu, Jianzhong; Jenkins, Nick; Rees, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.099

Cited by 171 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Current research aims to refine this range of allowable injections. 280,[288][289][290][291] A Dutch study concluded that off-the shelf gas appliances operated with no serious problems with up to 20% hydrogen blends by volume. 292 Similarly, the Health and Safety Laboratory concluded that 20% hydrogen was unlikely to harm the UK gas network or most appliances, although the identification and modification of vulnerable appliances is required for concentrations above 10%.…”

Section: Hydrogen Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell

Scamman

Abad

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

2,601

1,310

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option for the deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost and performance point towards economic viability as well. This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well established in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming.Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and 225 000 fuel cell home heating systems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago. This review shows that challenges around cost and performance remain, and considerable improvements are still required for hydrogen to become truly competitive. But such competitiveness in the medium-term future no longer seems an unrealistic prospect, which fully justifies the growing interest and policy support for these technologies around the world. Broader contextHydrogen and fuel cells have arguably suffered a 'lost decade' after high expectations in the 2000s failed to materialise. Three factors are enabling the sector to regain momentum. Firstly, improvements in technology and manufacturing mean that systems which cost $60 000 in 2005 are now cost $10 000. Secondly, commercial products are becoming widely available, and significant uptake is occurring in specific sectors such as Japanese microgeneration and US forklift trucks. Thirdly, a strengthened global resolve to mitigate climate change is coupled with increasing realisation that clean power alone is insufficient, due to the complexity of decarbonising heat and transport. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art update on hydrogen and fuel cells across transport, heat, industry, electricity generation and storage, spanning the technologies, economics, infrastructure requirements and government policies. It defines the many roles that these technologies can play in the near future, as a flexible and versatile complement to electricity, and in offering end-users more choice over how to decarbonise the energy services they rely on. While there are strong grounds for believing that hydrogen and fuel cells can experience a cost and performance trajectory similar to those of solar PV and batteries, several challenges must still be overcome for hydrogen and fuel cells to finally live up to their potential.

show abstract

Section: Hydrogen Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell

Scamman

Abad

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

2,601

1,310

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given the two variables of the pipeline flow, the pressure at the beginning of the pipeline, and the pressure at the end, the unknown variable can be solved. According to the conservation law of natural gas hydrodynamic mass and Bernoulli's equation, the natural gas flow equations of different pressure levels based on certain assumptions are as follows [19,20]:…”

Section: Natural Gas Pipeline Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Risk Assessment of Electric-Gas Integrated Energy Systems Considering N-1 Accidents

Liu

Cao

et al. 2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The reliability analysis method and risk assessment model for the traditional single network no longer meet the requirements of the risk analysis of coupled systems. This paper establishes a risk assessment system of electric-gas integrated energy system (EGIES) considering the risk security of components. According to the mathematical model of each component, the EGIES steady state analysis model considering the operation constraints is established to analyze the operation status of each component. Then the EGIES component accident set is established to simulate the accident consequences caused by the failure of each component to EGIES. Furthermore, EGIES risk assessment system is constructed to identify the vulnerability of EGIES components. Finally, the risk assessment of IEEE14-NG15 system is carried out. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

show abstract

“…Many authors for simplification neglect the inclination term; however, Matko, Kwabena, and Iterran-Gonzales [22][23][24][25] are some authors who have considered inclination in the pipe flow equation, because of its importance for the validation of models with real-world data. Simulation of a natural gas network focusing on gas quality using a numerical-iteration method was carried out by Abeysekera [26]. An important point of this literature is the inclusion of gases with different density in the network.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach to Model a Gas Network

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The continuous uninterrupted supply of Natural Gas (NG) is crucial to today’s economy, with issues in key infrastructure, e.g., Baumgarten hub in Austria in 2017, highlighting the importance of the NG infrastructure for the supply of primary energy. The balancing of gas supply from a wide range of sources with various end users can be challenging due to the unique and different behaviours of the end users, which in some cases span across a continent. Further complicating the management of the NG network is its role in supporting the electrical network. The fast response times of NG power plants and the potential to store energy in the network play a key role in adding flexibility across other energy systems. Traditionally, modelling the NG network relies on nonlinear pipe flow equations that incorporate the demand (load), flow rate, and physical network parameters including topography and NG properties. It is crucial that the simulations produce accurate results quickly. This paper seeks to provide a novel method to solve gas flow equations through a network under steady-state conditions. Firstly, the model is reformulated into non-linear matrix equations, then the equations separated into their linear and nonlinear components, and thirdly, the non-linear system is solved approximately by providing a linear system with similar solutions to the non-linear one. The non-linear equations of the NG transport system include the main variables and characteristics of a gas network, focusing on pressure drop in the gas network. Two simplified models, both of the Irish gas network (1. A gas network with 13 nodes, 2. A gas network with 109 nodes) are used as a case study for comparison of the solutions. Results are generated by using the novel method, and they are compared to the outputs of two numerical methods, the Newton–Raphson solution using MATLAB and SAINT, a commercial software that is used for the simulation of the gas network and electrical grids.

show abstract

Steady state analysis of gas networks with distributed injection of alternative gas

Cited by 171 publications

References 9 publications

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Operational Risk Assessment of Electric-Gas Integrated Energy Systems Considering N-1 Accidents

A Novel Approach to Model a Gas Network

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About