Status and perspective of crystalline silicon solar cell production

Fath, P.; Keller, S.; Winter, Patrick M.; Jooss, W.; Herbst, W.

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2009.5411274

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This objective is influenced by many factors as the introduction of evolutionary technologies in order to increase the efficiency and/or reduce the production cost. The first step to introduce an evolutionary approach is the development in the laboratory, followed by the pilot scale and mass production [1]. In lab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average efficiency of industrial solar cells is about 16.5 % [1]. The Al-BSF rear passivation technology limits the efficiency mainly in thin substrates [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun Power developed the interdigitated contact solar cell and the average efficiency in industrial production in float zone substrate (FZ-Si) was above 22 % [1]. With other structure and front boron emitter, Mihailetchi et al [5] developed large area solar cells with efficiency of 17.4%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and comparison of small and large area boron doped solar cells in n-type and p-type Cz-Si

Zanesco

Moehlecke

Pinto

et al. 2012

2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

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The first step to introduce an evolutionary approach is the development in the laboratory scale and, then, in pilot plant and mass production. Boron diffusion forms the emitter in n-type substrates and the back surface field (BSF) in p-type silicon wafers. N-type Cz-Si solar cells have been investigated due to the potential to produce high efficiency solar cells and boron BSF may provide a better passivation than aluminum BSF in p-type wafers. The goal of this paper is to present the development and comparison of small and large area solar cells, processed in Czochralski silicon wafers by using spinon dopant to obtain the boron emitter in n-type Si substrates and the boron BSF in p-type ones. The average efficiency of boron emitter and BSF cells was of around 15.0 % and 13.4 % for small and large area solar cells, independently of the substrate type. The reduction of the efficiency is due to the short-circuit current density that falls of around 5 mA/cm 2 when the area is enlarged. The low fill factor obtained in p + nn + cells is due to the high resistivity of Ag/Al paste deposited in the boron emitter cells and the soldering of the Ag/Sn/Cu ribbon increased this parameter from 0.70 to 0.75 in large area cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average efficiency of industrial solar cells is about 16.5 % [1]. The Al-BSF rear passivation technology limits the efficiency mainly in thin substrates [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and comparison of small and large area boron doped solar cells in n-type and p-type Cz-Si

Zanesco

Moehlecke

Pinto

et al. 2012

2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

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“…However, in recent years, despite the already very high growth rates across industry, thin-film PV has grown at a faster pace and its market share rose from 5% in 2005 to over 10% in 2009-2010. Single crystal solar cells have showed, in the laboratory scale, efficiencies close to their respective theoretical limits. Si modules with an efficiency around 15% can be produced at a cost in the range of 1.76 -1.4 USD/W p , [1] that is quite far from being competitive with the cost of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. A further cut of Si modules cost could be obtained both by reducing the thickness and enlarging the area of Si wafers and by increasing the production by automating the fabrication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The second‐generation of CdTe and CuInGaSe₂ thin film PV modules

Bosio

Romeo

Menossi

et al. 2011

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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The state of the art of the second-generation of solar cells based on the CdTe and CuInGaSe 2 thin film technology will be described. This type of cells reached, on laboratory scale, photovoltaic conversion efficiencies respectively of 16.5% and 20.3% very close to those obtained with bulk materials. In particular, the materials, the layer sequences and deposition techniques used for the preparation of these two absorbers are described. Particular emphasis will be placed on major innovations that have enabled us to achieve high efficiencies with polycrystalline materials, showing how thin-film technology is mature enough to be transferred to industrial production. Finally, we will discuss about a project of technology-transfer developed at Parma University for the production of photovoltaic modules at an industrial level. In the near future, with our process, Arendi S.p.A. will reach a productivity of 18 MW/year.

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“…The average efficiency of Si-Cz solar cells in industrial manufacturing process is 16.5% 4 . Magnetic Czochralski-silicon (Si-MCz) has been used to develop 4 cm 2 solar cells that show 24.7% efficiency by using a laboratory process 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and comparison of n+pn+ and n+pp+ solar cells in multicrystalline silicon

2013

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The goal of this paper is to present the development and comparison of p-type multicrystalline silicon solar cells with screen printed metallization. Industrial processes were developed to manufacture the n ) back surface field (BSF) was 13.8% and 14.1%, respectively. The BSF does not result in a significant improvement in the efficiency when the diffusion is carried out in a single step thermal diffusion in industrial process with screen printed metallization.

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Status and perspective of crystalline silicon solar cell production

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Development and comparison of small and large area boron doped solar cells in n-type and p-type Cz-Si

Development and comparison of small and large area boron doped solar cells in n-type and p-type Cz-Si

The second‐generation of CdTe and CuInGaSe₂ thin film PV modules

Development and comparison of n+pn+ and n+pp+ solar cells in multicrystalline silicon

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Status and perspective of crystalline silicon solar cell production

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Development and comparison of small and large area boron doped solar cells in n-type and p-type Cz-Si

Development and comparison of small and large area boron doped solar cells in n-type and p-type Cz-Si

The second‐generation of CdTe and CuInGaSe2 thin film PV modules

Development and comparison of n+pn+ and n+pp+ solar cells in multicrystalline silicon

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Product

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The second‐generation of CdTe and CuInGaSe₂ thin film PV modules