State of the art paper Evolution of the term and definition of dysplasia of the hip – a review of the literature

Abstract

There is no consensus on the definition of dysplasia of the hip (DH). Past and present concepts used to describe DH do not form a complete view of the pathology. Moreover, some authors still present the disease as congenital, not developmental. This prompted authors to analyze the evolution of the definition of DH. Based on the biomedical databases 500 articles and books in the field of hip dysplasia were found and analyzed. Fifteen definitions of hip dysplasia met inclusion criteria, subsequently were analyzed and presented in chronological order. The analysis revealed that currently there is no single, universal definition of hip dysplasia in the aspect of morphological, clinical, and radiological studies. Despite the widely-used term of DH, it is described imprecisely and in different ways. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multidisciplinary definition of this pathology covering all aspects of hip disorders considered valid in modern orthopaedics.

The Epidemiology of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Males

“…1 There is much diversity in the studies regarding the definition of DDH itself, as already mentioned in the introduction, and on aspects such as diagnostic methods, classification, among others. 2 In addition, the literature is very scarce regarding the possible sex differences concerning the epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of evolution. In 2010, the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommended the inclusion of representative populations in all clinical studies, including gender.…”

“…In recent decades there has been considerable evolution in the diagnosis and treatment protocols of DDH and many epidemiological aspects as well as risk factors have been studied. [1][2][3][4] It is known, for example, that there is a prevalence of unilateral disease and the most affected side is the left side, the white race and the female sex are more frequently associated with the condition, and the risk factors include pelvic presentation, oligohydramnios, among others. [4][5] However, little is known about the characteristics of DDH in males and if there are sex differences in the characteristics of the disease, since there is a shortage of studies that highlight them.…”

An approach to hip pain in a young adult

“…Hip dysplasia describes an abnormally formed hip joint, most frequently a shallow or upward sloping acetabulum 19. Most commonly, though not exclusively, adult dysplasia results from undiagnosed developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).…”

Early childhood anomalies of the hip occur at a similar frequency in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and in healthy individuals – questionnaire for parents

“…kształtem i zaburzoną orientacją przestrzenną głowy kości udowej lub/i panewki [5]. Termin ten określa różne zmiany w stawie biodrowym takie jak podwichnięcie, przemieszczenie lub niestabilność [6][7][8][9]. Częstość rozpoznawania klinicznych objawów DDH jest bardzo zróżnicowana i waha się od 0.04%-16.8% [10].…”

“…Podkreślano również, że utrzymanie prawidłowego i symetrycznego zakresu ruchu w stawach biodrowych jest niezbędne, by uniknąć nieprawidłowego trójpłaszczyznowego ustawienia kompleksu lędźwiowo-miedniczno-biodrowego [25]. Powyższe badania wskazują na istnienie pewnych związków hip such as sublocation, dislocation or instability [6][7][8][9]. The frequency at which clinical symptoms of DDH are diagnosed may vary from 0.04% to16.8% [10].…”