SummaryStudy aim: Premature birth is one of the major problems of obstetrics, leading to numerous complications that are associated with prematurity, for instance balance disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of premature birth on the ability to maintain balance in children commencing their school education. Material and methods:The study included children aged 6-7 years. The study group consisted of 59 children (31 girls and 28 boys, mean age 6.38 ± SD 0.73) born prematurely between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation. The control group consisted of 61 children (28 girls and 33 boys, mean age 6.42 ± 0.58) born at term. The research utilized standardized test tools -one-leg openeyed and closed-eyed standing test, one-leg jumping test -and an original questionnaire survey. Results: The children born at term achieved better results in the majority of tests. The comparison of girls and boys born prematurely and at term showed no statistically significant difference between them in terms of dynamic balance, static balance or total balance control. The comparison of the tests performed on the right and left lower limb in prematurely born children showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Premature birth affects the ability to maintain body balance. The results of the study indicate the need to develop coordination skills that shape body balance in prematurely born children.
BackgroundThe majority of individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) experience progressive skeletal deformities which may affect the quality of life and mobility. To date, no studies have evaluated the reliability of tests assessing body posture and joint mobility in SMA patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of Cervical Rotation test (CR), Supine Angle of Trunk Rotation test (SATR), Hip Extension test (HE) and Pelvic Obliquity test (PO) developed to evaluate the musculoskeletal system in SMA individuals.MethodsThirty individuals (12 girls and 18 boys) aged 4–15 with SMA type II (n = 24) and III (n = 6) confirmed by genetic examinations were qualified for the study. The participants were examined twice by three physiotherapists on the same day. The examination included four tests, i.e. CR, SATR, HE and PO tests aimed at assessing ranges of rotation in the cervical spine, chest deformities, ranges of hip extension and pelvis position while sitting. Statistical calculations were made with the use of statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsIntraobserver reliability was excellent for CR (ICC range 0.839–0.911), SATR (ICC range 0.918–0.939 - the upper part of the sternum; ICC range 0.951–0.975 - the lower part of the sternum), HE (ICC range 0.988–0,991) and PO (ICC range 0.896–0.935) tests.The interobserver ICC reached the excellent values in CR (ICC range 0.912–0.920), SATR (ICC = 0.888 - the upper part of the sternum, ICC = 0.951 - the lower part of the sternum), HE (ICC range 0.922–0.923) and PO (ICC = 0.928) tests.ConclusionsCR, SATR, HE and PO tests are reliable and may be used for examining individuals with SMA. The application of these tests provides a possibility to detect early changes in the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents and to assess the effectiveness of the implemented pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation.
Introduction: The Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle (TPHA) test is used for assessing the mobility of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. The aim of the research was to assess the intraobserver reliability of the TPHA test in girls with and without idiopathic scoliosis and to compare the test values obtained by the girls in both groups. Material and methods: The research included girls without scoliosis and girls with double idiopathic scoliosis aged 8-16. The trunk-pelvis-hip angle was measured three times on each body side within one session. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of ANOVA intraclass correlation coefficient for dependent groups, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test as well as non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test for dependent groups and Mann-Whitney U test for independent groups. Results: The research included 49 healthy girls (aged 11.8 ± SD 2.5 years) and 49 girls with double idiopathic scoliosis (aged 12.7 ± SD 2.6 years; Cobb angle Th 27.7° ± SD 13.4° and L Cobb 25.8° ± SD 10.5°). The intraobserver reliability for the TPHA measurements was very high (ICC>0.85). In both groups the left-side TPHA value was significantly higher than the right-side value (p=0.001). The TPHA range of motion on the right side of the body was more limited in the scoliotic girls than in the healthy ones (p=0.001). Conclusions: The TPHA test is a reliable means of assessing mobility in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex in girls by one observer. The asymmetry of movements in the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex in healthy girls needs to be observed since it may constitute one of the factors predisposing to scoliosis which limits spine rotation range of motion. The TPHA test needs further research.
BACKGROUND: Not much is known about developmental motor disorders in the first year of life of children diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the occurrence of asymmetry or muscle tone disorders in the first year of life in adolescents with IS and their healthy counterparts. METHODS: The parents of adolescents with IS and without scoliosis completed a survey on the occurrence of asymmetry, abnormal muscle tone, and physiotherapy in their children in the first year of life. Pearson’s chi square test and Cramer’s coefficient were used. RESULTS: The final analysis included 527 surveys completed by parents of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (150) and without scoliosis (377). A significantly higher frequency of asymmetry (p= 0.001) and muscle tone disorders (p= 0.001) was noted in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. The results also revealed a significant association between scoliosis and asymmetry (p= 0.001), as well as muscle tone (p= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Developmental asymmetry or improper muscle tone in the first year of life could be considered a potential factor in the development of scoliosis; however, this hypothesis should be confirmed in future studies. Infants diagnosed with developmental disorders require systematic observation.
Introduction: Infancy is the key period in human development. Disorders in the motor development during the first year of life may affect the body posture, motor patterns and functioning in the period of childhood. The study objective was to assess the correlation between motor development in the first year of life and angle of trunk rotation, lumbopelvic-hip complex mobility and occurrence of joint hypermobility in children aged 3-9.Material and methods: 120 healthy children aged 3 to 9 participated in the study. The study comprised a questionnaire and a clinical trial. The children in whom the questionnaire revealed abnormal motor development in the first year of life were included in the study group, and the other children were a control group. Then, a physiotherapist assessed the value of the trunk rotation angle with the use of a scoliometer, the lumbopelvic-hip complex mobility with the use of TPHA test, and the occurrence of joint hypermobility with the use of Beigthon test.Results: Children with abnormal motor development in the first year of life were characterised by a statistically significantly higher value of the trunk rotation angle in the thoracic section and they had a higher asymmetry of rotational movement of the lumbopelvic-hip complex, as well as higher values in the Beighton test.Conclusions: Abnormal motor development in the first year of life is a factor predisposing to increased values of the trunk rotation angle in the thoracic section, asymmetry of rotational movement of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, and joint hypermobility. Studies of other factors potentially leading to development of such disorders should be continued. Children with impaired development should be included in programmes of prophylaxis. children, posture, development
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