State-of-the-art nanotechnologies used in the development of SARS-CoV-2 biosensors: a review

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to nearly every corner of the globe, significantly impacting economies and societies. Despite the advances in detection technologies for targeting viral pathogens, all countries are facing an unprecedented need for achieving biosensor technologies in a rapid, sensitive, selective, and reliable way to deal with global and urgent problems. Till date, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard method for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, it requires complex facilities and elaborate training, which is hampered by limited testing capacity and delayed results. Herein, we review state-of-the-art research on point-of-care biosensors for early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection. We included a general description of nanotechnological techniques for developing biosensors, along with the latest research on various biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and a summary of their limitations for practical use. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives and directions. This critical review offers insight into the biosensor community in furthering the present research, which may streamline attrition problems for rapid and large-scale SARS-CoV-2 screening.

Surface Functionalization of Enzyme-Coronated Gold Nanoparticles with an Erythrocyte Membrane for Highly Selective Glucose Assays

“…When gold nanoparticles aggregate in solution, the total number of particles will decrease. We used the LSPR of gold nanoparticles for the particle stability test . Under antioxidant environments, the gold nanoparticles aggregate, and this could be detected via a UV–vis spectrometer by confirming the absorbance at 535 nm, which is the peak absorbance of the 60 nm gold nanoparticle.…”

Static and Dynamic Biomaterial Engineering for Cell Modulation

“…Finally, in the field of disease diagnostics, new analysis technologies and innovative devices can be applied to cancer diagnostics, Alzheimer's diagnostics, noise diagnostics, etc. [309][310][311][312].…”

Rapid assays of SARS-CoV-2 virus and noble biosensors by nanomaterials

“…For another, nanotechnology is a common means to improve biosensor performance. For example, AuNPs are often used as labels in optical biosensors to improve biosensor sensitivity [ 176 – 179 ]. Nanomaterials in future research may function as substrates, receptors, signal transducers and powerful bio-binders thus becoming an integral part of biosensors.…”