State-of-the-art active optical techniques for three-dimensional surface metrology: a review [Invited]

Marrugo, Andrés G.; Gao, Feng; Zhang, Song

doi:10.1364/josaa.398644

Cited by 166 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…In the two-step process, a digital holographic interference pattern is generated and split into a reference beam and a measurement beam, and then the beams returned from the target surface is merged and recorded simultaneously. The recorded hologram of the target surface carries both the amplitude and phase of the returned beam, and the surface can be reconstructed based on it [45,46]. Because LHI relies on the phase shift measurement, it can only achieve vertical resolution at hundreds of nanometers and lateral resolution at micrometers.…”

Section: Lhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Intelligent 3D Surface Measurement in Smart Manufacturing: Review and Outlook

et al. 2021

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High-fidelity characterization and effective monitoring of spatial and spatiotemporal processes are crucial for high-performance quality control of many manufacturing processes and systems in the era of smart manufacturing. Although the recent development in measurement technologies has made it possible to acquire high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement data, it is generally expensive and time-consuming to use such technologies in real-world production settings. Data-driven approaches that stem from statistics and machine learning can potentially enable intelligent, cost-effective surface measurement and thus allow manufacturers to use high-resolution surface data for better decision-making without introducing substantial production cost induced by data acquisition. Among these methods, spatial and spatiotemporal interpolation techniques can draw inferences about unmeasured locations on a surface using the measurement of other locations, thus decreasing the measurement cost and time. However, interpolation methods are very sensitive to the availability of measurement data, and their performances largely depend on the measurement scheme or the sampling design, i.e., how to allocate measurement efforts. As such, sampling design is considered to be another important field that enables intelligent surface measurement. This paper reviews and summarizes the state-of-the-art research in interpolation and sampling design for surface measurement in varied manufacturing applications. Research gaps and future research directions are also identified and can serve as a fundamental guideline to industrial practitioners and researchers for future studies in these areas.

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Section: Lhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Intelligent 3D Surface Measurement in Smart Manufacturing: Review and Outlook

et al. 2021

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“…After the deformation image is captured by the camera, the information of the object surface is demodulated by the relevant reconstruction algorithm to perform 3D measurement for the object. Currently, the fringe-projection-based surface profile measurement has been widely used due to advantages such as no contact, high speed, high accuracy, and so on [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among all of the fringe projection techniques, phase calculation plays a crucial role in profile measurement [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Demodulation Method for Fringe Projection Measurement Based on Improved Variable-Frequency Coded Patterns

Jiang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The phase-to-height imaging model, as a three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology, has been commonly applied in fringe projection to assist surface profile measurement, where the efficient and accurate calculation of phase plays a critical role in precise imaging. To deal with multiple extra coded patterns and 2π jump error caused to the existing absolute phase demodulation methods, a novel method of phase demodulation is proposed based on dual variable-frequency (VF) coded patterns. In this paper, the frequency of coded fringe is defined as the number of coded fringes within a single sinusoidal fringe period. First, the effective wrapped phase (EWP) as calculated using the four-step phase shifting method was split into the wrapped phase region with complete period and the wrapped phase region without complete period. Second, the fringe orders in wrapped phase region with complete period were decoded according to the frequency of the VF coded fringes and the continuous characteristic of the fringe order. Notably, the sampling frequency of fast Fourier transform (FFT) was determined by the length of the decoding interval and can be adjusted automatically with the variation in height of the object. Third, the fringe orders in wrapped phase region without complete period were decoded depending on the consistency of fringe orders in the connected region of wrapped phase. Last, phase demodulation was performed. The experimental results were obtained to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in the phase demodulation of both discontinuous objects and highly abrupt objects.

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“…Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been widely used in 3-D shape measurement due to its merits of measuring dense 3-D data with high accuracy and speed [ 15 , 16 ]. It enables numerous industrial workpiece measurements, such as composite panel [ 17 ], honeycomb core structures [ 18 ], and thermal forging parts [ 19 ], and other applications [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If dense 3-D data is obtained, dimension parameters and surface cracks can be easily extracted. However, for non-diffuse and stepwise objects, the measurement accuracy is seriously affected [ 16 ]. The glitter of the metal surface can generate a saturated region [ 23 ], whereas the stepwise shape results in phase mixture along sharp edges [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Accuracy 3-D Sensor for Rivet Inspection Using Fringe Projection Profilometry with Texture Constraint

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Riveted workpieces are widely used in manufacturing; however, current inspection sensors are mainly limited in nondestructive testing and obtaining the high-accuracy dimension automatically is difficult. We developed a 3-D sensor for rivet inspection using fringe projection profilometry (FPP) with texture constraint. We used multi-intensity high dynamic range (HDR) FPP method to address the varying reflectance of the metal surface then utilized an additional constraint calculated from the fused HDR texture to compensate for the artifacts caused by phase mixture around the stepwise edge. By combining the 2-D contours and 3-D FPP data, rivets can be easily segmented, and the edge points can be further refined for diameter measurement. We tested the performance on a sample of riveted aluminum frame and evaluated the accuracy using standard objects. Experiments show that denser 3-D data of a riveted metal workpiece can be acquired with high accuracy. Compared with the traditional FPP method, the diameter measurement accuracy can be improved by 50%.

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State-of-the-art active optical techniques for three-dimensional surface metrology: a review [Invited]

Cited by 166 publications

References 191 publications

Data-Driven Intelligent 3D Surface Measurement in Smart Manufacturing: Review and Outlook

Data-Driven Intelligent 3D Surface Measurement in Smart Manufacturing: Review and Outlook

Phase Demodulation Method for Fringe Projection Measurement Based on Improved Variable-Frequency Coded Patterns

High-Accuracy 3-D Sensor for Rivet Inspection Using Fringe Projection Profilometry with Texture Constraint

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