Staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐induced T‐cell anergy is mediated by regulatory T cells

Abstract

SUMMARYNaive T cells mount a vigorous proliferative response to superantigen (SAg) stimulation in vivo. The proliferative response is followed by a partial deletion of responder T cells. Part of the deletion process has recently been attributed to the action of regulatory cytotoxic T cells that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC ) class I-associated antigen receptor determinants on the target cell surface. Responder T cells that survived the SAg response were found to be incapable of generating a secondary proliferative response to a SAg challenge. We show here that this 'anergy' is enforced by CD8-positive regulatory suppressive T cells. These regulatory cells inhibit cell division of preactivated T cells but not the SAg response of naive T cells. Regulatory T cells are not generated in the presence of cyclosporin A and, once activated, become inactivated or deleted when restimulated in the presence of this immunosuppressive drug.

Long-Term Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C1 Exposure Induces Soluble Factor-Mediated Immunosuppression by Bovine CD4+and CD8+T Cells

“…It has been postulated that chronic staphylococcal infection in humans and animals could be exacerbated by SAgs, which induced the aberrant activation of T cells and the accompanying production of cytokines and altered patterns of cell signaling to dysregulate the response to S. aureus (28,40,45). Recent studies in humans and mice demonstrate that SAgs induce the development of T regs , capable of suppressing the primary immune response (11,42,44). Despite this, limited information has been obtained on the effects of SAgs on cows other than primates or rodents.…”

“…Their absence is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory bowl diseases (35,38). Evidence suggests that SAgs induce the development of T regs , which are capable of suppressing the primary immune response in humans and in the mouse model (11,42,44). Low-dose stimulation of human CD4 ϩ CD25 Ϫ T cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the presence of transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤) induces CD4 ϩ CD25 ϩ T regs that express high levels of CD25 and CD152, with potent TGF-␤-dependent suppressive activity (47).…”

Staphylococcal cutaneous infections: Invasion, evasion and aggression

“…Superantigens mediate direct crosslinking of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules on antigen-presenting cells with T-cell receptors. Superantigens induce a strong proliferative response followed by clonal deletion of a substantial portion of defined Vb T-cells [43]. Administration of superantigens to adult mice induces rapid production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the subsequent expansion of a reactive T-cell population [44].…”

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome after tooth extraction

“…TSST-1 may induce production of T-celle stimulated cytokines, which are responsible for the manifestations of the illness. [5][6][7][8] Strains of S aureus that produce TSST-1 are common, and contact with these strains may occur regularly. However, development of TSS is rare because anti-TSST-1 antibodies provide protection for most adults.…”