Long-Term Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C1 Exposure Induces Soluble Factor-Mediated Immunosuppression by Bovine CD4+and CD8+T Cells

Seo, Keun Seok; Lee, Sang Un; Park, Taesung; Davis, William C.; Fox, Lawrence K.; Bohach, Gregory A.

doi:10.1128/iai.01358-06

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Total RNA was extracted as described previously (Rebeil et al, 2006). Reverse transcription with hexanucleotides (Roche), real-time PCR using the SYBR green I dye master mix and an ABI 7000 thermocycler (Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems), and data analysis were as described previously (Seo et al, 2007). Relative quantities of mRNA were normalized to the amount of proS mRNA in the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic characterization of OmpX, an Ail homologue of Yersinia pestis KIM

et al. 2007

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The goal of this study was to characterize the Yersinia pestis KIM OmpX protein. Yersinia spp. provide a model for studying several virulence processes including attachment to, and internalization by, host cells. For Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Ail, YadA and Inv, have been implicated in these processes. In Y. pestis, YadA and Inv are inactivated. Genomic analysis of two Y. pestis strains revealed four loci with sequence homology to Ail. One of these genes, designated y1324 in the Y. pestis KIM database, encodes a protein designated OmpX. The mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 17.47 kDa, shares approximately 70 % sequence identity with Y. enterocolitica Ail, and has an identical homologue, designated Ail, in the Y. pestis CO92 database. The present study compared the Y. pestis KIM6 + parental strain with a mutant derivative having an engineered disruption of the OmpX structural gene. The parental strain (and a merodiploid control strain) expressed OmpX at 28 and 37 6C, and the protein was detectable throughout all phases of growth. OmpX was required for efficient adherence to, and internalization by, cultured HEp-2 cell monolayers and conferred resistance to the bactericidal effect of human serum. Deletion of ompX resulted in a significantly reduced autoaggregation phenotype and loss of pellicle formation in vitro. These results suggest that Y. pestis OmpX shares functional homology with Y. enterocolitica Ail in adherence, internalization into epithelial cells and serum resistance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic characterization of OmpX, an Ail homologue of Yersinia pestis KIM

et al. 2007

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“…Foxp3 currently represents the most specific marker used to distinguish regulatory cells (Foxp3 + CD25 + CD4 + ) from activated effector cells (Foxp3 − CD25 + CD4 + ) within the CD25 + CD4 + cell subpopulation. Interestingly, Hoek et al [7] demonstrated that bovine WC1.1 + and WC1.2 + γδ cells rather than Foxp3 + CD25 high CD4 + cells act as immune regulatory cells ex vivo, however, the results of a study conducted by Seo et al [11] showed that there are certain cells with regulatory properties among bovine CD4 + and CD8 + cells.Although CD4 + regulatory T cells are the best-studied and characterized regulatory lymphocytes, in recent years, substantial progress has been made in the phenotypic and functional characterization of CD8 + T regulatory cells. Foxp3 + CD25 + CD8 + cells are one of the better-described regulatory subsets in the CD8 + T cell population.…”

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confidence: 55%

Foxp3 Expression in Bovine CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with the Intensity of CD25 Expression

Maślanka

Jaroszewski

2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The aim of the undertaken research was to determine whether Foxp3 + CD25 + CD8 + cells exist in cattle and whether Foxp3 expression in CD8 + T cells is correlated with the intensity of CD25 expression. It has been found that 0.66 and 2.36% of CD8 + cells on average showed high and low expression of the CD25 molecule, respectively. On average, 11.61% of CD25 high CD8 + cells expressed Foxp3, while the mean percentage of Foxp3 + cells within CD25 low CD8 + cells was 3.66%. The absolute count of Foxp3 + CD25 high CD8 + cells was not significantly different from the absolute count of Foxp3 + CD25 low CD8 + cells. The obtained results indicate that CD8 + cells with the regulatory phenotype, i.e. Foxp3 + CD25 high CD8 + and Foxp3 + CD25 low CD8 + cells, occur naturally in bovine peripheral blood, although both of these subpopulations are relatively small. There is a positive correlation between the intensity of CD25 expression and the expression of the transcription Foxp3 factor in bovine CD8 + cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells (Tregs) are heterogeneous with sub-populations which differ in their phenotype, immune inhibitory mechanisms and function. These cells are responsible for the regulation of immune response and play a leading role in developing immune tolerance through active suppression. Functions of regulatory T cells include: prevention of autoimmune diseases by maintaining self-tolerance, oral tolerance and suppression of allergy and pathogen-induced immunopathology [4, 10, 13, 14]. There are two general types of the regulatory lymphocytes: natural cells, which develop in the thymus, and induced cells, which are derived from naive lymphocytes in the periphery. Regulatory T cells consist of heterogeneous subsets which include CD4 + cells, CD8 + cells and γδ + cells. The first two types of cells can be subdivided on the basis of phenotypic or functional criteria into several subsets (e.g. Foxp3 + CD25 + CD4 + , Tr1, Th3, Foxp3 + CD25 + CD8 + , CD122 + CD8 + and CD28 − CD8 + cells [4, 10, 13, 14]). Currently, naturally-occurring CD25 + CD4 + Treg cells (nTregs) represent a major lymphocyte population maintaining dominant self-tolerance and controlling a variety of pathological immune responses. However, CD25 is not a specific marker for Tregs, because it is also expressed by activated T cells. To address this problem, scientists have been searching for marker molecules to discriminate between activated and regulatory T cells within the population of CD25-expressing CD4 + cells. In 2003, three independent groups identified the Forkhead Box P3 protein (Foxp3) as a unique marker and a "master" regulator of the development and suppressive function of CD25 + CD4 + Treg cells [5, 8, 9]. Foxp3 currently represents the most specific marker used to distinguish regulatory cells (Foxp3 + CD25 + CD4 +) from activated effector cells (Foxp3 − CD25 + CD4 +) within the CD25 + CD4 + cell subpopulation. Interestingly, Hoek et al. [7] demonstrated that bovine WC1.1 + and WC1.2 + γδ cells rather than Foxp3 + CD25 high CD4 + cells a...

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“…Whether these cells were bona fide Tregs or activated Tcons, which in some assay systems are capable of mediating non-specific suppression [354,355], remains unclear. A number of subsequent studies presented indirect evidence for populations of CD4 + , CD8 + and γδ T cells with regulatory activity [355][356][357][358][359][360][361], but T cells expressing FOXP3 were first documented in 2009: thus, Seo and colleagues developed novel mAbs against bovine FOXP3, demonstrating that its expression was limited to CD4 + CD25 + T cells [362], while Gerner and colleagues documented cross-reactivity of the antimouse/rat Foxp3 mAb FJK-16s, showing that the majority of FOXP3 + T cells were CD4 + but that minor populations of CD8β + and γδ + FOXP3 + lymphocytes could also be identified [363]. However, the regulatory properties of the CD4 + CD25 high FOXP3 + population were called into question by work performed by Hoek and colleagues, who suggested that these cells were neither anergic nor suppressive; rather, WC1.1 + and WC1.2 + γδ T cells, and CD14 + monocytes, showed regulatory properties in their experiments, supported by the observation that these cells transcribed IL-10 [364].…”

Section: Regulatory T Cells In Other Domestic Animal Species -An Expamentioning

confidence: 96%

All creatures great and small: regulatory T cells in mice, humans, dogs and other domestic animal species

Garden

Pinheiro

Cunningham

2011

International Immunopharmacology

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Long-Term Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C1 Exposure Induces Soluble Factor-Mediated Immunosuppression by Bovine CD4⁺and CD8⁺T Cells

Abstract: Regulatory T cells (T regs)

Cited by 60 publications

References 47 publications

Phenotypic characterization of OmpX, an Ail homologue of Yersinia pestis KIM

Phenotypic characterization of OmpX, an Ail homologue of Yersinia pestis KIM

Foxp3 Expression in Bovine CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Is Associated with the Intensity of CD25 Expression

All creatures great and small: regulatory T cells in mice, humans, dogs and other domestic animal species

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