Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone

Zhao, S; Arnold, M; Ma, Shaocheng; Abel, RL; Cobb, Justin P.; Hansen, Ulrich; Boughton, Oliver

doi:10.1302/2046-3758.78.bjr-2018-0025.r1

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 207 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The value of E obtained by compression test is lower than expected (of 15-20 GPa). This can be explained by the fact that we do not measure the Young's modulus of the bone specimen but an apparent modulus because the deformation in the linear portion of the stress-strain curve is not purely elastic 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties

Lefevre

Baron

Gineyts

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Juvenile bone growth is well described (physiological and anatomical) but there are still lacks of knowledge on intrinsic material properties. Our group has already published, on different samples, several studies on the assessment of intrinsic material properties of juvenile bone compared to material properties of adult bone. The purpose of this study was finally to combine different experimental modalities available (ultrasonic measurement, micro-Computed Tomography analysis, mechanical compression tests and biochemical measurements) applied on small cubic bone samples in order to gain insight into the multiparametric evaluation of bone quality. Differences were found between juvenile and adult groups in term of architectural parameters (Porosity Separation), Tissue Mineral Density (TMD), diagonal stiffness coefficients (C33, C44, C55, C66) and ratio between immature and mature cross-links (CX). Diagonal stiffness coefficients are more representative of the microstructural and biochemical parameters of child bone than of adult bone. We also found that compression modulus E was highly correlated with several microstructure parameters and CX in children group while it was not at all correlated in the adult group. Similar results were found for the CX which was linked to several microstructure parameters (TMD and E) only in the juvenile group. To our knowledge, this is the first time that, on a same sample, ultrasonic measurements have been combined with the assessment of mechanical and biochemical properties. It appears that ultrasonic measurements can provide relevant indicators of child bone quality (microstructural and biochemical parameters) which is promising for clinical application since, B-mode ultrasound is the preferred first-line modality over other more constraining imaging modalities (radiation, parent–child accessibility and access to the patient's bed) for pediatric patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties

Lefevre

Baron

Gineyts

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During compression tests, it is difficult to accurately mimic the degree of constraint conferred by neighbouring bone tissue. In our study, the bone specimens were loaded in an unconfined manner which is a recommended method for measuring mechanical properties of bone and to facilitate comparison with existing literature .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for fatigue testing of equine McIII subchondral bone under a simulated fast workout training programme

Shaktivesh

Malekipour

Whitton

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Background Standard fatigue testing of bone uses a single load and frequency applied until failure. However, in situ, the subchondral bone of Thoroughbred racehorses is subjected to a combination (or a spectrum) of loads and frequencies during training and racing. Objective To investigate the use of a fatigue testing method for equine third metacarpal (McIII) subchondral bone under a spectrum of loading conditions which a racehorse is likely to experience during a fast workout. Study design In vitro biomechanical experimental study. Methods McIII subchondral bone specimens (n = 12) of racehorses were harvested from left and right medial condyles. A novel fatigue loading protocol was developed based upon a standard sequence of gaits during a typical fast workout protocol. This loading pattern, or loading loop, was repeated until the failure of the specimen. Results The mean ± standard deviation for all specimens for total time‐to‐failure was 76,393 ± 64,243 s (equivalent to 18.3 ± 15.7 fast workouts). Ten of twelve specimens withstood at least one complete loop equivalent to a fast workout. All specimens failed during simulated gallop loading. Main limitations The resting time between loops was much shorter than in vivo resting time and specimens were unconfined during compressive testing. Conclusions This novel fatigue loading protocol more closely mimics in vivo fatigue loading of McIII subchondral bone and demonstrates the importance of the highest speeds in the development of subchondral bone injury.

show abstract

“…Specimens were kept in gauze saturated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), to ensure they were hydrated at all times, and stored at −30 °C until mechanical testing. [39] Quantifying Bone Density from CT Scan: Inclusion of a phantom in the CT scans allowed for a robust calibration of qCT Hounsfield units (HU) to apparent density. This process followed previous methods whereby regression of the HU values for the phantom materials in the scan and the known densities of the phantom results in a linear relationship between HU and calibrated density ρ CT when water content and displaced volume of phosphate in the phantom was accounted for.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cubes had dimensions chosen to comply with existing protocols for testing porous structures. [ 8,39 ] Cubes were removed from both the medial and lateral sides of the proximal tibia, across three layers of material spanning material 30 mm below the tibial plateau.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical Testing: A materials testing machine (Instron 8872) with a 10-kN load cell was used to perform quasi-static compression testing at an extension rate of 2 mm min −1 , which corresponds to a strain rate within standard limits. [39] Displacement was measured using linear variable differential transformers attached to the testing platens to reduce any compliance effects from the test apparatus. A sampling rate of 30 Hz was used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mapping the Multi‐Directional Mechanical Properties of Bone in the Proximal Tibia

Munford

Jeffers

2020

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The remodeling behavior of bone is influenced by its mechanical environment. By mapping bone's mechanical properties in detail, orthopedic implants with respect to its mechanical properties could stimulate and harness remodeling to improve patient outcomes. In this study, multiaxial apparent modulus and strength of cadaveric proximal tibial bone are mapped and predicted from computed tomography (CT) derived apparent density. Group differences are identified from testing order, subchondral depth, condyle, and sub-meniscal bone with covariates; age and gender. Axial modulus is 50% greater than the transverse modulus. Medial axial modulus is 30% greater than the lateral side. On the lateral side, axial modulus decreases by 50% from proximal to 25 mm distal. On the medial side, axial modulus remains relatively constant. Differences are quantified for density and multiaxial modulus across all subchondral depths, and different power law relationships are provided for each location. Density explains 75% of variation when grouped by subchondral depth and condyle. Yield strength is well-predicted across all test directions, with density predicting 81% of axial strength variation and no differences over subchondral depth. Quantified mapping of bone multiaxial modulus based on condyle and subchondral depth is shown for the first time in a clinically viable protocol using conventional CT.

show abstract

Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone

Cited by 79 publications

References 207 publications

Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties

Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties

A method for fatigue testing of equine McIII subchondral bone under a simulated fast workout training programme

Mapping the Multi‐Directional Mechanical Properties of Bone in the Proximal Tibia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About