Stakeholders and uncertainty management in projects

Abstract

Stakeholders are a major source of uncertainty in projects. This uncertainty encompasses who relevant stakeholders are, how they could influence a project, and what their motives are in so far as their actions affect project activity. A generic project uncertainty management process framework is employed to provide a structure for a review of approaches to analysing stakeholders and related uncertainty management issues. This framework, the SHAMPU (Shape, Harness, and Manage Project Uncertainty) process, consists of nine phases: project definition, focusing the uncertainty management process, identifying sources of uncertainty, structuring issues, clarifying ownership, estimating variability, evaluating implications of uncertainty, harnessing plans, and managing implementation. A variety of approaches to stakeholder analysis are considered in relation to these phases. In particular, characterizing projects on a 'hard-soft' spectrum suggests generic strategies for managing stakeholder expectations and fostering trust between stakeholders. An important conclusion is that a systematic approach to stakeholder management is facilitated by the use of project uncertainty management processes that distinguish different stages of the project life cycle.Project management, risk management, stakeholder, uncertainty,

Peran Kondisi Pemangku Kepentingan Dalam Keberhasilan Proyek

“…Keberhasilan manajemen proyek dapat diperoleh jika manajer proyek memperhitungkan pengaruh potensial dari pemangku kepentingan proyek (Cleland, 2007). Ward & Chapman (2008) melakukan penelitian tentang pemangku kepentingan dan manajemen ketidakpastian dengan konsep SHAMPU (Shape, Harness, and Manage Project Uncertainty). Sembilan bentuk fase yang disampaikan adalah definisi proyek, terpusat pada proses, identifikasi isu, struktur isu, klasifikasi kepemilikan, variabilitas estimasi, evaluasi implikasi, mempergunakan rencana dan mengelola implementasi.…”

“…Dampak yang ditimbulkan pemangku kepentingan terhadap suksesnya proyek disebabkan karena kekuasaan, legitimasi, urgensi, kedekatan, kepentingan pribadi, sikap dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki pemangku kepentingan (Nguyen et al, 2009). Hal yang senada juga diungkapkan oleh Ward & Chapman (2008) dimana ketidak pastian yang ditimbulkan oleh pemangku kepentingan salah satunya ditentukan oleh klasifikasi pemangku kepentingan (posisi, kekuasaan, isu, kepentingan pribadi).…”

Exploring Critical Success Factors for Stakeholder Management in Construction Projects

“…Dynamics of stakeholder is a very interesting and important aspect of the stakeholder concept (Elias et al 2002). The uncertainty caused by stakeholders includes "who the stakeholders are", the influence of them, their needs, and the implications of relationships among stakeholders (Ward and Chapman 2008).…”

Integrating Uncertainty Management in Strategic Planning Practice

“…Stakeholders hold the key to successful process, but are also a major source of uncertainty (Ward and Chapman 2008). This activity identifies stakeholders and clarifies their roles in the process.…”

“…The analysis of all possible stakeholders will enhance understanding of the context in which strategy is going to be enacted. It is also important to develop a reasonable awareness of those individuals and groups within organisation, who may have different (and may be competing) agendas (Ward and Chapman 2008). Their views will provide richness and diversity, which are essential to the identification of plausible futures.…”