Stainless Steels for Implants

Zardiackas, Lyle D.

doi:10.1002/9780471740360.ebs1136

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Low carbon AISI 316L SS (complying to ASTM F138 and F139) has high molybdenum (2-3%) and chromium (17-20%) and low carbon content (less than 0.03%), which increases its local and intergranular corrosion [7]. Moreover, 316L is known for its good ductility, work hardenability and fatigue properties [8]. Compared to the two commonly used metals, SS has a lower cost [9] and its demand is also still high in developing countries [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of stainless steel for biomedical applications: Revisiting a century-old material

Bekmurzayeva

Duncanson

Azevedo

et al. 2018

Materials Science and Engineering: C

190

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Stainless steel (SS) has been widely used as a material for fabricating cardiovascular stents/valves, orthopedic prosthesis, and other devices and implants used in biomedicine due to its malleability and resistance to corrosion and fatigue. Despite its good mechanical properties, SS (as other metals) lacks biofunctionality. To be successfully used as a biomaterial, SS must be made resistant to the biological environment by increasing its anti-fouling properties, preventing biofilm formation (passive surface modification), and imparting functionality for eluting a specific drug or capturing selected cells (active surface modification); these features depend on the final application. Various physico-chemical techniques, including plasma vapor deposition, electrochemical treatment, and attachment of different linkers that add functional groups, are used to obtain SS with increased corrosion resistance, improved osseointegration capabilities, added hemocompatibility, and enhanced antibacterial properties. Existing literature on this topic is extensive and has not been covered in an integrated way in previous reviews. This review aims to fill this gap, by surveying the literature on SS surface modification methods, as well as modification routes tailored for specific biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of stainless steel for biomedical applications: Revisiting a century-old material

Bekmurzayeva

Duncanson

Azevedo

et al. 2018

Materials Science and Engineering: C

190

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“…One of the most popular materials for implant manufacturing is stainless steel (SS), which is employed in applications for dentistry, craniofacial surgery, otolaryngology, and the production of cardiovascular stents and valves [56,57]. The good fatigue characteristics, ductility, and work hardenability of SS-316L are particularly well-known [58]. According to Disegi and Eschbach [44], a new Ni-free SS has recently been produced specifically to address the problem of nickel sensitivity.…”

Section: Metallic Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification during hydroxyapatite powder mixed electric discharge machining of metallic biomaterials: a review

Bisaria

Patra

Mohanty

2022

Surface Engineering

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Surface modifications play a vital role in the performance of bio-implants. Powder mixed electric discharge machining (PM-EDM), a recently developed advanced machining method, can machine and coat the surface of conductive materials at the same time. Hydroxyapatite is a bio-ceramic with a bone-like composition and excellent biocompatibility. Several coating techniques are used to deposit a bio-ceramic layer on the implant surface; however, hydroxyapatite powder mixed-EDM (HAp-EDM) is an electro-thermal process that can be used for surface coating as well as machining of metallic biomaterials. In this review article, surface characteristics such as surface morphology/topography, micro-hardness, phase analysis, recast layer, elemental composition, corrosion/wear resistance, and biocompatibility of the coated surface of an implant after HAp-EDM have been meticulously reviewed. This review also looks at future research opportunities for the HAp-EDM process to meet the high standards required for biomedical materials and their applications in bio-implant manufacturing.

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“…β-titanium alloys have a lower modulus of elasticity. 25,26 Therefore, screw materials were considered as standard titanium and β-titanium material with linear isotropic properties in the finite element model. Besides, bone tissue is assumed to be viscoelastic as well as a homogeneous material.…”

Section: Finite Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of orthopedic screws threads properties on the success of femoral fracture fixation

Torabi

Khorramymehr

Nikkhoo

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Stress shielding is created following a reduction in bone density due to the reduction or elimination of mechanical stimuli and the resultant stresses around the implant site in bone tissue. Increased stress shielding can cause the implant or screw to detach or loosen over time, which in turn can lead to severe side effects such as pain, infection, necrosis, and dysfunction. The geometric shape and characteristics of the screws are among the most important factors involved in creating the stress shielding. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the influence of bone screw design parameters (i.e., thread profile, thread pitch, screw diameter, and elastic modulus) on stress shielding around the standard screws after implantation in the proximal femur using a viscoelastic finite element modelling. Stress transfer parameters (STP) and strain energy density transfer parameters (SEDTP) were used to evaluate the stress shielding and the risk of screw loosening using the finite element method. This study was performed on screws with titanium and beta-titanium alloy materials as well as HB, HC, and HD ISO threads that are considered as implants for fracture fixation. The results indicated that the HB ISO thread has the least stress shielding and looseness. It was also found that reducing the modulus of elasticity of the screws, increasing the number of threads per screw, reducing the pitch of the screws and the diameter of the screws shaft reduce the amount of the stress shielding and loosening of the screws. This study can provide surgeons with valuable quantitative data for selecting the effective types of screws for bone fracture fixations towards enhanced clinical outcomes.

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Stainless Steels for Implants

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Surface modification of stainless steel for biomedical applications: Revisiting a century-old material

Surface modification of stainless steel for biomedical applications: Revisiting a century-old material

Surface modification during hydroxyapatite powder mixed electric discharge machining of metallic biomaterials: a review

The role of orthopedic screws threads properties on the success of femoral fracture fixation

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