Surface modification during hydroxyapatite powder mixed electric discharge machining of metallic biomaterials: a review

Bisaria, Himanshu; Patra, Bharat Bhusan; Mohanty, Smita

doi:10.1080/02670844.2022.2155406

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(332 reference statements)

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“…Sintered electrodes, on the other hand, have been used for both EDM and surface alloying. The process involves the surface tension-driven extension of the powder particles' contact area under optimum pressure, temperature, and operating condition [147,148]. Green-compact sintering results in a coherent body with regulated microstructure, grain size and porosity.…”

Section: Powder Metallurgy Edm Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Electrode Manufacturing Methods for Electrical Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Alloying

Garba,

Abdul-Rani,

Yunus

et al. 2023

Machines

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In electrical discharge machining (EDM), the tool electrode is one of the substantial components of the system, and it ensures the success or failure of the EDM process. The electrode’s role is to conduct electrical charges and erode the workpiece to the desired shape. Different electrode materials have different impacts on machining. Certain electrode materials remove metal quickly but wear out rapidly, while others degrade slowly but the material removal is too slow. The choice of the electrode has an influence on both the mechanical properties, such as metal removal rate (MRR), wear rate, surface finish, surface modification and machinability, and the electrical properties, such as sparking initiation, time lag, gap contamination and process stability. There are factors to consider when fabricating an electrode, which include the type of workpiece materials, the metallurgical alloying of the materials, the choice of fabrication techniques, the intended use of the electrode, and material cost. Considerable challenges in EDM electrode fabrication have been reported, which include excessive tool wear for green compact electrodes, high toughness for sintered electrodes, and poor rigidity for additively manufactured electrodes. To address these issues, researchers have explored different manufacturing methods, such as casting, conventional machining, electrodeposition, powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing. In this paper, the various techniques attempted and adopted in EDM electrode manufacturing are analyzed and discussed. This paper also sought to give insight into EDM, its various forms, the dielectric fluid’s properties, EDM electrode’s size and shape, the effects of the electrode on the EDM process, material removal, electrode wear, present technologies for electrode fabrication, and the limitations of these technologies. Finally, directions for future research are highlighted.

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Section: Powder Metallurgy Edm Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Electrode Manufacturing Methods for Electrical Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Alloying

Garba,

Abdul-Rani,

Yunus

et al. 2023

Machines

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“…[10][11][12] The surface modification of Mg alloy by coating can further lessen the corrosion activity in body fluid. Among all the types of coating, inert materials as ceramic coatings are best to improve the corrosion resistance in various mediums [13]. ZnO coating on Mg alloy was selected due to its excellent bacterial resistance, without affecting the pH of surrounding environment [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion behaviour of facile coated ZnO on Mg–Zn–Zr alloy in Ringer’s physiological solution

Tayyaba

Butt

Rehman

et al. 2023

Surface Engineering

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Magnesium alloys have received increasing consideration as biodegradable implants owing to their high specific strength, excellent biocompatibility and non-toxicity but their biomedical applications are limited due to low corrosion resistance which can be improved by surface modification and alloying with suitable elements. Various surface modifications of Mg alloys by deposition of different coatings are used to prevent untimely dissolution. This study presents the corrosion behaviour of a thin ZnO coating deposited on a Mg-Zn-Zr alloy by electrophoretic deposition in the Ringer's solution at 37°C. It was found that the ZnO coating is compact, homogeneous and significantly enhanced its corrosion resistance according to electrochemical test. The polarisation test showed a two orders of magnitude lower current density than that of the bare alloy, while EIS study found a two orders of magnitude greater ZnO coating impedance increasing in bioactivity. The bare specimens showed the development of cracks on the surface whereas the ZnO coated alloy showed no signs of pitting.

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“…To prevent such ion leakage into the physiological environment, surface modification is essential. Surface modification, such as surface texturing, coating, or a combination of both, plays a critical role in improving biocompatibility [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of electrochemically deposited hydroxyapatite on textured 316L SS for applications in biomedicine

Health Royal Hermonson,

Thanigaivelan,

Kavya

et al. 2023

Surface Engineering

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This study investigates the biocompatibility of laser-textured 316L stainless steel (SS) coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) for orthopaedic implants. Powdered HA was electrochemically deposited on the laser-textured surface of 316L SS, and various tests were conducted on its surface to assess its biocompatibility. A particle size analyser was used to determine the average HA particle size, and a 3D optical profilometer was employed to characterise the surface roughness of the laser-textured samples. Contact angle measurement results provide insights into the wettability of the substrate. Microscopy tests revealed that, compared to those without HA coating, HA coatings on spherical dimpled textures exhibited better cell adherence. Among the tested samples, a sample with 98% laser energy input, 40.45°c ontact angle, and 75.976 µm HA coating thickness was found to be the most suitable for bone implantation.

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Surface modification during hydroxyapatite powder mixed electric discharge machining of metallic biomaterials: a review

Cited by 11 publications

References 223 publications

A Review of Electrode Manufacturing Methods for Electrical Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Alloying

A Review of Electrode Manufacturing Methods for Electrical Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Alloying

Corrosion behaviour of facile coated ZnO on Mg–Zn–Zr alloy in Ringer’s physiological solution

Performance of electrochemically deposited hydroxyapatite on textured 316L SS for applications in biomedicine

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