Stability Improvement of DC Power Systems in an All-Electric Ship Using Hybrid SMES/Battery

The increase in aircraft passengers and airfreight traffic has given rise to concerns about greenhouse gas emissions for traditional aircraft and the resulting damage to the environment. This has led several companies and organizations, including NASA, to set goals to enhance aircraft efficiency as well as reduce fuel burn, pollution, and noise for commercial aircraft. The most notable electric aircraft (EA) concept is the N3-X, which was developed by NASA to achieve environmental goals while maintaining the annual growth of the aviation industry. However, one of the main challenges that EA facing is their overall weight. This paper proposes and explores an improved power system architecture for use in EA based on the N3-X concept. The number of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and fault current limiter (FCL) devices required can be reduced by utilizing multifunctional superconducting devices that combine the functionalities of both a SMES and a FCL, thus reducing the weight and cost of the EA by eliminating a complete device. The proposed control technique offers greater flexibility in determining the appropriate size of coils to function as a FCL, based on the fault type. The proposed EA power system architecture including the SMES-FCL devices is modelled in Simulink/Matlab to test the system performance under different failure scenarios. Index Terms-Electric aircraft (EA), fault current limiter (FCL), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), turboelectric distributed propulsion system (TeDP).

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“…3, S1-S6 are unidirectional, reverse blocking IGBTs. More details pertaining to controlling I1 and I2 in the SMES mode can be found in [20]. Fig.…”

Section: Smes-fcl Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of SMES-FCL in Electric Aircraft for Stability Improvement

Alafnan

Elshiekh

Pei

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…In [285] is studied a design of electrical distribution systems for ships and oil platforms, taking into consideration control systems and protections and a zonal distribution to improve modularity, being considered both ac and dc systems. In [286] is proposed a hybrid energy storage system based on a battery and a superconducting magnetic energy storage element in order to improve the stability of dc power systems of fully electric ships, being used a two quadrant buck-boost dc-dc converter for the battery and an asymmetrical h-bridge dc-dc converter for the superconducting magnetic energy storage element. In [287] is presented a conventional structure of an on-board ship power system (Figure 34), having been studied the power flow in the electric power system with energy storage and energy management systems, comprising ac, dc and hybrid ac-dc power grid architectures.…”

Section: Electric Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Power Electronics Technologies for Electric Mobility

et al. 2020

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Concerns about greenhouse gas emissions are a key topic addressed by modern societies worldwide. As a contribution to mitigate such effects caused by the transportation sector, the full adoption of electric mobility is increasingly being seen as the main alternative to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, which is supported by positive industry indicators, despite some identified hurdles. For such objective, power electronics technologies play an essential role and can be contextualized in different purposes to support the full adoption of electric mobility, including on-board and off-board battery charging systems, inductive wireless charging systems, unified traction and charging systems, new topologies with innovative operation modes for supporting the electrical power grid, and innovative solutions for electrified railways. Embracing all of these aspects, this paper presents a review on power electronics technologies for electric mobility where some of the main technologies and power electronics topologies are presented and explained. In order to address a broad scope of technologies, this paper covers road vehicles, lightweight vehicles and railway vehicles, among other electric vehicles.

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“…The demand for all-electric ships (AESs) amplified rapidly in recent times and load fluctuations in the system may lead to severe issues such as increased fuel consumption, voltage fluctuation, and environmental emissions. HESS comprising of a battery (higher energy density) and SMES (higher power density) proposed in [81] in order to cater to shiploads that cause sudden changes such as maneuvering and pulse loads. As the ramp-rate of vessel-generators such as gas-generators usually are in between 30-50 MW/min range and on the other hand, pulsed load require 100 MW/s ramp-rate that is far higher than the ramp-rate of generators [94].…”

Section: Battery-smesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review

et al. 2018

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In recent years, concerns about severe environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption has grabbed attention in the transportation industry, particularly in marine vessels. Another key challenge in ships is the fluctuations caused by high dynamic loads. In order to have a higher reliability in shipboard power systems, presently more generators are kept online operating much below their efficient point. Hence, to improve the fuel efficiency of shipboard power systems, the minimum generator operation with N-1 safety can be considered as a simple solution, a tradeoff between fuel economy and reliability. It is based on the fact that the fewer the number of generators that are brought online, the more load is on each generator such that allowing the generators to run on better fuel efficiency region. In all-electric ships, the propulsion and service loads are integrated to a common network in order to attain improved fuel consumption with lesser emissions in contrast to traditional approaches where propulsion and service loads are fed by separate generators. In order to make the shipboard power system more reliable, integration of energy storage system (ESS) is found out to be an effective solution. Energy storage devices, which are currently being used in several applications consist of batteries, ultra-capacitor, flywheel, and fuel cell. Among the batteries, lithium-ion is one of the most used type battery in fully electric zero-emission ferries with the shorter route (around 5 to 10 km). Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) are one of the solutions, which can be implemented in high power/energy density applications. In this case, two or more energy storage devices can be hybridized to achieve the benefits from both of them, although it is still a challenge to apply presently such application by a single energy storage device. The aim of this paper is to review several types of energy storage devices that have been extensively used to improve the reliability, fuel consumption, dynamic behavior, and other shortcomings for shipboard power systems. Besides, a summary is conducted to address most of the applied technologies mentioned in the literature with the aim of highlighting the challenges of integrating the ESS in the shipboard microgrids.

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Stability Improvement of DC Power Systems in an All-Electric Ship Using Hybrid SMES/Battery

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

Application of SMES-FCL in Electric Aircraft for Stability Improvement

Application of SMES-FCL in Electric Aircraft for Stability Improvement

A Review on Power Electronics Technologies for Electric Mobility

Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review

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