Spread of Local Anesthesia After Upper Airway Block

Local Anaesthesia for Fiberoptic Intubation : A Comparison of Three Techniques

“…A comparison with other studies yields similarities and certain differences. In a series of 200 patients [10] undergoing transtracheal injection of lignocaine 94% of patients coughed and 48% had severe coughing. In the present study majority of patients in group A and group C coughed.…”

Awake fiberoptic orotracheal intubation: a protocol feasibility study

“…However, TLI also results in passive unexpected coughing, which is harmful to cervical stability. Walts and Kassity 31 reported that 94% of their patients coughed, and 48% experienced severe coughing while undergoing TLI. Sethi et al 32 found that the total number of coughs was higher in their TLI group than in the spray-as-you-go technique group (18 vs. 12, respectively).…”

“…However, TLI also results in passive unexpected coughing, which is harmful to cervical stability. Walts and Kassity 31 reported that 94% of their patients coughed, and 48% experienced severe coughing while undergoing TLI. Sethi et al.…”

The Effects of Other Drugs on the Stimulation of Laryngospasm in the Cat: Atropine; Thiopentone; Suxamethonium; Local Analgesics

“…These experiments confirm and amplify earlier work by Larsell and Burget (1924), who described the effects of cocaine on the trachea in the rabbit and dog, and Teitelbaum, Ries and Lisansky (1936), who reported that cocaine desensitized the cat's pharyngopalatine mucosa to mechanical stimulation. Walts and Kassity (1965) used methylene blue to study the spread of a local analgesic solution. They administered the solution through the cricothyroid membrane or between the first and second tracheal rings in conscious men.…”