Sports Draped in the American Flag: Impact of the 2014 Winter Olympic Telecast on Nationalized Attitudes

Billings, Andrew C.; Brown, Kenon A.; Brown‐Devlin, Natalie

doi:10.1080/15205436.2014.995767

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…This article understands televised football as a cultural text, wherein among other things hegemonic assumptions and understandings surrounding race/ethnicity, gender, and nationality are expressed and reinforced (Billings et al, 2015). These hegemonic discourses are neither stable nor fixed, and its meanings are in a constant process of defending or adapting to competing discourses (Hall, 1986).…”

Section: Theoretical Framework Sport Media Critical Race Theory (Crtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prejudice in the People’s Game: A Content Analysis of Race/Ethnicity in Polish Televised Football

Lienden

Sterkenburg

2020

Communication & Sport

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This study explores how televised football in Poland serves as a site for the (re)construction of discourses surrounding race and ethnicity and to what extent this squares with previous studies on sport media conducted mainly in Western countries. In our analysis, we identify the discourses surrounding race and ethnicity that the commentators in televised football draw on and examine how they relate to hegemonic discourses and categorizations in wider Polish society. Our findings show that Polish football commentators draw on transnationally circulating racialized/ethnicized discourses on assumed superior physicality when talking about Black football players and on supposed negative psychological capabilities when talking about White Southern European football players. The findings also show that when talking about non-Polish players and head coaches, the commentators regularly rely on an us-versus-them frame that constructs foreign influences as a threat.

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Section: Theoretical Framework Sport Media Critical Race Theory (Crtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prejudice in the People’s Game: A Content Analysis of Race/Ethnicity in Polish Televised Football

Lienden

Sterkenburg

2020

Communication & Sport

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“…The literature on media and sports shows that both groups of scholars appreciate the others' perspective (e.g., Billings et al, 2015;Butterworth, 2010). Yet we are not aware of any other study that has used both methods in conjunction with one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“This Is Who We Are!” National Identity Construction and the 2014 FIFA World Cup

Seate

Ileş

et al. 2016

Communication & Sport

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Drawing on the literature on American nationalism and the social identity perspective, this study examines the effects of mediasport on nationalized attitudes, using both rhetorical and experimental approaches. First, a rhetorical analysis examined the nationalistic themes featured in the game promotional ad of the United States versus Ghana soccer match in World Cup 2014, linking these themes to the republicanism/liberalism paradox in American political thought. Using the social identity perspective, we predicted the effects of these themes on U.S. participants' nationalized attitudes and tested our hypotheses using an experiment. Experimental findings indicate that exposure to nationalistic rhetoric indirectly increases uncritical patriotism, critical patriotism, and support of militarism attitudes via self-enhancement gratifications. Additionally, exposure to nationalistic rhetoric also indirectly influences uncritical patriotism via social uncertainty reduction gratifications. Our study demonstrates the utility of a mixed-method approach and points out directions for future research on the (re)construction of social identities through mediasport.

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“…A possible explanation for this is that participants were not asked to report on the type of content they consumed that could foster or diminish nationalistic attitudes. Billings et al (2015) found that when Americans watched the winter Olympics, there were no heightened patriotic feelings reported while Lin (2009) found that Americans supported the red, white, and blue more during the coverage of the Iraqi war by the American media. Thus, future studies in Kenya should explore the specific media content being selected and consumed in relation to the patriotic feelings harbored by Kenyans.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of love for Kenya as reported by Kenyans was captured using the Patriotism scale developed by Livingstone and Markham (2008) and used by Billings, Brown, and Brown-Devlin (2015). The scale measured the degree to which the participant agreed or disagreed with 6 items provided, such as "I love my country," and "I am very proud to be from my country", with the response alternatives ranging from 1= Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree.…”

Section: Patriotismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the relationship between media consumption and Kenya's political culture

Kipkoech¹

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INSTRUMENT laments about these definitions of the term, arguing that the term "has so many definitions and facets that any overlap in this myriad of definitions might actually be absent" (Yengoyan, 1989, p. 3). This slippery and ubiquitous nature perhaps led Baldwin et al. (2006) to note, "The definition of culture is a moving target, and those who choose to define it should ground their definitions in a fuller, multidisciplinary, and historicized accounting of the word" (p. 24). The following definitions give meaning to this "empty shell". According to Barnett (1988): Culture consists of the habits and tendencies to act in certain ways, but not the action themselves. It is the language patterns, values, attitudes, beliefs, customs, and thought patterns-not things or behaviors, but forms of things that people have in mind, in their models for perceiving, relating, and otherwise interpreting them. (p. 102) However, in this study, culture is operationalized following Kroeber and Kluckhohn's (1952) summarized definition-which is broader as it goes beyond the patterns of thought advanced by Barnett to include action and behavior: Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e., historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other, as conditional elements of future action. (p. 181) Clearly, the definitions above converge on the idea that culture consists of something that is shared and/or learned by a group of people even though the content of its definitions vary. These shared convictions, values, beliefs, and skills have a significant impact on politics, especially on democratic institutions (Inglehart, 1988). Putnam (2000) also argues that politics (e.g., political participation) cannot be examined in isolation of the culture of the masses. Moreover, Putnam posits that the success or failure of democratic institutions reflects the degree to which a culture of trust and participation is present, the two key variables in this study. Culture influences the relationship between polity and society, hence the term political culture. Political culture, according to Inglehart (1988), varies from one society to another and is passed on from one generation to the next through a process called socialization. One of the prominent socializing agents is the mass media which are rich sources of information about the politics, current affairs, and the government. But the seminal question here is: Does the media consumption have any relationship with people's political attitudes and behaviors (political culture)? Past Research on Media Use and Political Attitudes and Behaviors A substantial body of research has documented the relationship and the effect of the mass media on the formation, change, and/o...

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Sports Draped in the American Flag: Impact of the 2014 Winter Olympic Telecast on Nationalized Attitudes

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Prejudice in the People’s Game: A Content Analysis of Race/Ethnicity in Polish Televised Football

Prejudice in the People’s Game: A Content Analysis of Race/Ethnicity in Polish Televised Football

“This Is Who We Are!” National Identity Construction and the 2014 FIFA World Cup

Examining the relationship between media consumption and Kenya's political culture

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