The current study aims to explore the role of personality in a nonprofit organization's advertisement on social media and how it influences two advertising components: the types of advertising appeal and social media metrics. A 2 (emotional vs. rational appeal) × 2 (high vs. low social media metrics) full-factorial experiment was conducted. We found the positive effects of specific personality traits on attitude toward the ad and donation intention; the six HEXACO personality traits were positively related to attitude toward the ad, whereas Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience were the only traits positively related to donation intention.There was no interaction effect of the personality traits and the type of advertising appeal. We also found that Conscientiousness had a moderating role on the bandwagon effect of social media metrics, such that the bandwagon effects of social media metrics on the attitude toward the ad and donation intentions were only significant for participants with moderate (M) Conscientiousness and high (M + 1SD) Conscientiousness. Our findings will contribute to providing practical insights for how to design an effective nonprofit advertisement on social media as well as filling the gap in the literature on nonprofit advertising and personality. | INTRODUCTIONAccording to the National Center for Charitable Statistics, in 2015, there were over 1.56 million registered nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the United States, contributing an estimated $985 billion to the nation's economy (McKeever, 2019). NPOs' operations are uniquely reliant upon consumers' engaging in the altruistic behaviors of donating and volunteering. Thus, NPOs must elicit donations through cost-effective, social media advertising campaigns, in hopes of amplifying their content to their followers' own networks to garner additional, positive word-of-mouth (Lovejoy & Saxton, 2012;
A total of 525 U.S. respondents participated in a survey of nationalized attitudes surrounding four qualities (patriotism, nationalism, internationalism, and smugness) and their relationship to Olympic media consumption. Four data collection points were used: three months prior to the Sochi Games, immediately before the Opening Ceremonies, immediately after the Closing Ceremonies, and one month after the Sochi Games. Results indicated that the amount of Olympic media consumption significantly heightened responses
The purpose of this study was to first examine the effects of individual personality on the average time spent consuming sport media each week, and then to examine the extent that team identification mediated the effects of personality on sport media consumption. Personality was assessed using the HEXACO Personality Inventory, which provides a theoretical framework to examine the degree to which six broad personality domains and several underlying personality traits influence behavior. A survey using a national sample of 715 participants indicates that personality traits significantly predict team identity, and directly and indirectly predict sport media consumption. Using this personality framework presents a new area of research for sport communication theories and offers practical application for targeting specific types of individuals when promoting mediated sports events. Future research examining the role of personality in a variety of sport communication areas are offered in conclusion.
Utilizing a 2 (race) × 2 (sex) × 3 (response strategy) factorial experiment, this study interrogates the extent to which an athlete's race and gender impacts the image repair process, specifically within the hypermediated realm of athlete transgressions. Using a national sample of 287 participants, results supported for the effectiveness of the mortification strategy above reducing offensiveness and evading responsibility strategies. Moreover, regardless of the transgression response, Black athletes were consistently rated more positively than their White athletic counterparts, deviating from the majority of prior research. Discussion of the role of the Black athlete is offered in light of the unexpected findings, with explanations postulated based on expectancy violation theory and the principle of covariance.
Using a two (crisis response strategy: diminish vs. rebuild) × three (source: brand organization vs. brand executive vs. brand fan) experimental design, this study examines how brand fans (i.e., consumers who identify with a brand) can be prompted to protect a brand’s reputation during crises and how the selection of a crisis spokesperson can influence consumers’ evaluations of the crisis communication. Being buffers for their preferred brands, brand fans are more likely to accept their brand’s crisis response and engage in positive electronic word-of-mouth on social media. Brand fans are more likely to evaluate other brand fan’s social media accounts as a credible crisis communication source, whereas those who are not brand fans are more likely to evaluate brand and/or brand executives as credible. Findings provide theoretical applications in paracrisis literature pertaining to social media but also practical implications for brand managers to strategically utilize brand fans in crisis communication.
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