Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in young normotensive African-American women

Latchman, P.; Gates, Gregory J.; Axtell, Robert S.; Pereira, Jason; Bartels, Matthew N.; Meersman, Ronald E. De

doi:10.1007/s10286-013-0203-0

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…*P Ͻ 0.05. equivocal. A number of studies, like the present one, do not report any differences in baseline BRS between black and white subjects (28,32,34,35) while others have reported black subjects to have a lower cardiovagal BRS compared with white subjects (40,61). Previous findings have suggested that BRS could be affected by BMI (6,38,52); therefore, we accounted for that in the present study, and this did not alter our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults

Fonkoue

Schwartz

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Black adults have a higher risk of hypertension compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults, but physiological mechanisms underlying this predisposition remain unclear. This study compared muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to mental stress in a group of young black and NHW participants. We hypothesized that the sympathoexcitation associated with mental stress would be greater in black adults compared with NHW participants. Thirty-five male adults (19 black, 23 ± 1 yr; 16 NHW, 22 ± 1 yr) were examined during 5-min supine baseline and 5 min of mental stress (via mental arithmetic). Baseline mean arterial pressure (80 ± 2 vs. 82 ± 1 mmHg), heart rate (61 ± 4 vs. 61 ± 2 beats/min), MSNA (13 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 2 bursts/min), and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (-1.1 ± 0.4 vs. -1.5 ± 0.3 bursts·100 heart beats·mmHg) were not significantly different between NHW and black adults ( P > 0.05), respectively. MSNA reactivity to mental stress was significantly higher in NHW compared with black adults (time × race, P = 0.006), with a particularly divergent responsiveness during the first minute of mental stress in NHW (Δ4 ± 1 burst/min) and black (Δ-2 ± 2 burst/min; P = 0.022) men. Blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to mental stress were similar between groups. In summary, black participants demonstrated a lower MSNA responsiveness to mental stress compared with NHW adults. These findings suggest that, despite a higher prevalence of hypertension, black subjects do not appear to have higher neural and cardiovascular responsiveness to mental stress compared with NHW. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Black men have a blunted muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to mental stress compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) men, especially at the onset of mental stress when muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased in blacks and increased in NHW men. Thus, despite a high prevalence of hypertension in blacks, normotensive NHW men display a greater peripheral sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress than black men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults

Fonkoue

Schwartz

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Only few studies that address baroreflex sensitivity in AA women have been published, yet they reported similar alterations in baroreflex sensitivity to AA men. Latchman et al reported that young normotensive AA women demonstrated significant attenuation of resting baroreflex sensitivity in AA women compared to non-Hispanic whites matched for age, BMI, and physical activity [57]. These findings suggest that autonomic regulation of blood pressure exists between AA and non-Hispanic white women beginning in young adulthood [57].…”

Section: Pressure Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latchman et al reported that young normotensive AA women demonstrated significant attenuation of resting baroreflex sensitivity in AA women compared to non-Hispanic whites matched for age, BMI, and physical activity [57]. These findings suggest that autonomic regulation of blood pressure exists between AA and non-Hispanic white women beginning in young adulthood [57]. Dysregulation of baroreflex sensitivity function in young AA women may lead to enhanced sympathetic activity and predispose them to the development of HTN in as they age [57].…”

Section: Pressure Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race and sex differences in cardiovascular autonomic regulation

2020

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Despite the widespread use of evidence-based strategies to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), racial disparities in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality persist in the United States [1][2][3]. African Americans (AAs) are 20-30% more likely to die from CVD when compared with non-Hispanic whites [1], with the highest estimated age-adjusted ischemic heart disease death rate of any racial group (95.5 deaths per 100,000 people in non-Hispanic whites compared to 107.2 deaths per 100,000 people in AAs) [4]. Estimates for age-adjusted stroke prevalence among AA adults age 20 and older is 2.5% for AA men and 3.2% for AA women [5].The high prevalence of co-morbid conditions, like hypertension (HTN), obesity, and Type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) among AA, are at least partially responsible for the high CVDassociated mortality rates in this group [2,6]. Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that just under half (44%) of AAs have HTN [6]. In both AA men and women, HTN manifests earlier, has a more rapid progression to end organ damage (particularly renal failure), and results in worse prognoses compared to non-Hispanic whites [7]. Among adults age 20 and over, TIIDM prevalence is more than twice as high among AAs compared to non-Hispanic whites (14.5% among AAs compared to 6.7% among non-Hispanic whites) [6]. Obesity estimates among adult AAs range from 70-80%, comparable to non-Hispanic white men, and higher than non-Hispanic white women (non-Hispanic white males 72.3% compared to non-Hispanic white females 59.3%) [6].There are multiple factors that contribute to these health disparities such as individual patient behaviors (smoking, diet, physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption), healthcare access, insurance coverage, genetics, bias and cultural competency among health care Terms of use and reuse: academic research for non-commercial purposes, see here for full terms. https://www.springer.com/aamterms-v1

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“…An important note regarding these existing observations is that most studies involved only male volunteers. Of 19 studies, 11 included only men (4,24,32,34,45,49,50,88,91,94,95), 2 included only women (48,59), and only 6 included both men and women (12,17,25,87,90,92). Given the clinical significance of understanding neural control of cardiovascular function in both men and women, and considering the greater incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular and renal diseases in black adults, it is imperative that future studies in this area involve both male and female volunteers to provide data that can uncover the potential physiological mechanisms underlying the increased cardiovascular risk in this population.…”

Section: Autonomic and Cardiovascular Values At Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural control of cardiovascular function in black adults: implications for racial differences in autonomic regulation

Drew

Charkoudian

Park

2020

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Black adults are at increased risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease and have greater associated morbidity/mortality than white adults who are otherwise demographically similar. Despite the key role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiovascular function, the mechanistic contributions of sympathetic nerves to racial differences in cardiovascular dysfunction and disease remain poorly understood. In this review, we present an update and synthesis of current understanding regarding the roles of autonomic neural mechanisms in normal and pathophysiological cardiovascular control in black and white adults. At rest, many hemodynamic and autonomic variables, including blood pressure, cardiac output, and sympathetic nerve activity, are similar in healthy black and white adults. However, resting sympathetic vascular transduction and carotid baroreflex responses are altered in ways that tend to promote increased vasoconstriction and higher blood pressure, even in healthy, normotensive black adults. Acute sympathoexcitatory maneuvers, including exercise and cold pressor test, often result in augmented sympathetic and hemodynamic responses in healthy black adults. Clinically, although mechanistic evidence is scarce in this area, existing data support the idea that excessive sympathetic activation and/or transduction into peripheral vasoconstriction contribute importantly to the pathophysiology of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in black compared with white adults. Important areas for future work include more detailed study of sympathetic and hemodynamic reactivity to exercise and other stressors in male and female black adults and, particularly, sympathetic control of renal function, an important area of clinical concern in black patients.

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Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in young normotensive African-American women

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults

Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults

Race and sex differences in cardiovascular autonomic regulation

Neural control of cardiovascular function in black adults: implications for racial differences in autonomic regulation

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