Normotensive OB children exhibited significantly reduced baroreflex sensitivity, parasympathetic control as well as increased sympathetic control when compared with healthy, NO controls. Findings in this investigation raise the awareness that autonomic dysfunction is present in young OB normotensive children.

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Measuring heart rate recovery (HRR) holds valuable cardiovascular information and requires minimal technical skill and cost. Understanding the associations between HRR and more robust cardiovascular indicators, such as central systolic blood pressure (CSBP), can provide valuable cardiovascular information with less involvement. CSBP is a strong predictor of certain cardiovascular diseases. The study aims to examine the association between measures of HRR and CSBP and the augmentation index (AIx) in a group of young, healthy individuals and based on sex. Participants and Methods: One-hundred and seven participants (men -55, women -52) were measured for HRR at one minute (HRR 1 ) and two minutes (HRR 2 ) after maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) testing, CSBP, and the AIx at a heart rate of 75 beats•min −1 (AIx@75).

Purpose: Aortic augmentation index (AIx) and cardiovagal tone (CVT) are indicators of cardiovascular health. Associations between these variables provide information about their roles in cardiovascular disease. However, evaluating these associations from a gender perspective and gaining an understanding of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and AIx based on gender can provide additional information. Therefore, we examined the relationships between CVT, measured as the log transformed high-frequency power of R-R intervals from electrocardiogram measurements (lnHF R-R ); cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max); and AIx at a heart rate of 75 beats•min -1 (AIx@75). We hypothesized that the relationships between CVT, cardiorespiratory fitness, and AIx@75 would differ based on gender. Methods: We examined the associations between lnHF R-R , VO 2 max, and AIx@75 in 41 women and 39 men. Power spectral density analysis of heart rate variability determined lnHF R-R , radial tonometry determined AIx@75 and the Bruce Treadmill Protocol determined VO 2 max. Results: In men, lnHF R-R positively correlated with and significantly predicted AIx@75 (P = 0.005) but not in women (P = 0.49). For every unit increase in lnHF R-R , there was a 4.6 unit increase in AIx@75 in men versus a 1.0 unit increase in women. There was a significant inverse relationship between VO 2 max and AIx@75, with VO 2 max being a significant predictor of AIx@75 in men (P = 0.01). For every unit increase in VO 2 max, there was a 0.60 unit decrease in AIx@75 in men versus a 0.2 unit decrease in women. Conclusions: The associations beHow to cite this paper: Latchman, P.L., Thiel, R., Gates, G., Zhu, W.L., Axtell, R., Gardner, K., Lunn, W. and DeMeersman, R.

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Purpose: African-American men (AAM) have a greater risk of hypertension (HTN) than Caucasian men (CM). To reduce this risk, determining the differences in mechanisms involved in HTN and understanding the relationship between these mechanisms and factors affecting blood pressure (BP) in AAM and CM is necessary. One such mechanism is spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) and two factors are cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and arterial stiffness (AS). The aims of this study were to determine, firstly, whether there are differences in sBRS between young, normotensive AAM and CM, and secondly, to determine if CRF and AS are significant predictors of sBRS in young, normotensive AAM and CM. Methods: Twenty-three normotensive AAM and 36 CM were recruited from Southern Connecticut State University. Measures included anthropometric, sBRS (alpha-index), and CRF (maximal oxygen consumption [VO 2max ]), as well as AS (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [Cf-PWV]). Independent t-tests were used to determine differences between groups and multiple regression analysis was used to determine how much of the variation in sBRS was explained by CRF and AS. Results: The sBRS was significantly lower in AAM (10.3 ± 3.8 ms/mmHg) vs. CM (13.3 ± 5.7 ms/ mmHg), P = 0.03. CRF and AS were not significant predictors of sBRS in AAM (P = 0.25) and CM (P = 0.30). There was no relationship between, sBRS, CRF and AS; CRF was significantly reduced in AAM vs. CM (45.1 ± 6.3 vs. 52.1 ± 7.5 mL•kg −1 •min −1 , P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Young normotensive AAM demonstrated significantly lower sBRS vs. CM, irrespective of having fair CRF and normal BP.

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