Spinel ferrite of MnFe₂O₄ synthesized in Piper betle Linn extract media and its application as photocatalysts and antibacterial

Abstract

The manganese spinel ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4 ) particles were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route in green betel leaf (Piper betle Linn) extract media. Morphology, structure, and characteristics of the samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy UV-Vis (DRS UV-Vis), and Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM) instruments. Photocatalytic activity of the spinel ferrite was evaluated by the degradation of dye under solar light and antibacterial activity was studied with different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results revealed that the concentration of betel leaf extract was an important factor, which affects the morphology, crystallization, and magnetic properties of MnFe 2 O 4 . The prepared samples exhibited soft-ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Un-calcined samples showed higher saturation magnetic ($65 emu/g) than calcined samples (29-41 emu/g). The band gap energy of synthesized samples was about 2.05 eV. Two major wide-ranging metal-oxygen (M-O) peaks are seen in the FT-IR spectra in the range of 570-300 cm À1 , which confirmed the presence of tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel structure. The MnFe 2 O 4 particles showed effective photodegradation for Direct Red 81 dye under solar light irradiation. Moreover, the prepared samples exhibited significant activity as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Review of The Effectiveness of Plant Media Extracts in Barium Hexaferrite Magnets (BaFe12O19)

“…Comparison of the volume composition of the magnetic solution with the best media extract in producing homogeneous particles is 45: 5 without calcination temperature treatment. The calcination process causes the growth of particles, resulting in larger but non-uniform particles (Rahmayeni et al, 2020). As shown in Figure 3, based on the results of the study Yin et al, 2015, the edges of the catalyst particle lattice can be seen clearly, with the accurate measurement of the HRTEM image of the catalyst particles, TEM characterization results were also obtained which con rmed the morphological suitability of the samples in SEM.…”

“…Calcination temperature treatment in the synthesis process of barium hexaferrite also a ects the crystallinity of the sample. Rahmayeni et al, 2020 research results also show the crystal structure of a ferrite-based magnet mixed with betel leaf media extracts without calcination temperature. The 45: 5 composition indicated by the MnE5N compound states that no Fe 2 O 3 impurities were observed.…”

“…Based on the development of research on ferrite-based magnetic synthesis methods, One method that has succeeded in synthesizing betel leaf as a medium in barium hexaferrite magnets is a hydrothermal synthesis method with a good level of homogeneity without reducing the characteristics of the two materials (Rahmayeni et al, 2020). Hydrothermal synthesis involving the green synthesis method has been widely researched and succeeded in producing magnetic nanoparticles with plant extracts.…”

“…The addition of piper betle Linn extract as media extract in Manganese Ferrite magnet material has been previously done by Rahmayeni et al, 2020, with a variety of compositions. The morphology of using betel leaf media extract with a volume ratio of 45: 5 to produce ne, homogeneous, and uniform particles of cubic crystal structure were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).…”

“…MnE5N states the compound ratio of the composition of the ferrite-based magnetic solution to the 45: 5 media extract solution with a cubic crystal structure with a more even particle size distribution compared to MnE3N and MnE1N. So that betel leaf extract in magnetic materials has been studied and reviewed that it does not damage the surface morphology, crystal structure, and particle size of the magnetic material used (Rahmayeni et al, 2020).…”