Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Infestation Foci: Cotton Yield Reduction

Wilson, L. T.; Pickett, Charles H.; Leigh, Thomas F.; Carey, James R.

doi:10.1093/ee/16.3.614

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This study adds to a growing body of experimental literature reporting that terrestrial predators lead to improved plant performance and changes in the plant community (e.g., Gomez and Zamora 1994;Schmitz 1994Schmitz , 1998Carter and Rypstra 1995;Chase 1996Chase , 1998Moran et al 1996;Agrawal and Karban 1997;Letourneau and Dyer 1998). Although some forms of early-season herbivory can lead to reductions in cotton plant yields (Wilson et al 1987;Wilson 1993), cotton plants appear to compensate fully for early-season cotton aphid herbivory (Rosenheim et al 1997). However, the damage observed in the treatment without natural enemies could reduce yields if aphid populations persist into the period when cotton plants begin producing fruiting structures (Godfrey and Wood 1998).…”

Section: Terrestrial Trophic Cascadementioning

confidence: 81%

Predation on immature parasitoids and its impact on aphid suppression

2001

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Many predatory arthropods eat both unparasitized herbivores and herbivores that are parasitized and contain the immature stages of endoparasitoids, a form of intraguild predation. Thus, the biological control of herbivorous arthropods can be either enhanced or disrupted by introducing a predator species to an existing host-parasitoid system. We evaluate the impact of introducing a predator, the convergent ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens, on the biological control of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, by the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes, under field conditions. Predation on immature parasitoids by H. convergens was intense: 98-100% of aphid mummies were consumed by the end of the experiment, and H. convergens substantially reduced immature parasitoid populations. Despite the negative impact of H. convergens on aphid parasitoids, aphid population suppression was greatest in treatments containing both H. convergens and parasitoids. The parasitoid alone or in combination with H. convergens suppressed cotton aphids in a density-dependent manner and increased total plant leaf area and biomass, H. convergens did not substantially alter the percentage of aphids mummified by parasitoids and showed a partial feeding preference for unparasitized aphids over aphid mummies. We conclude that under conditions where a predator shows both a partial preference for unparasitized hosts and high levels of predation on unparasitized hosts, we may expect the predator to improve suppression of herbivores even if it produces high levels of intraguild predation. While intraguild predation is an important ecological interaction in the early-season cotton agroecosystem, it does not disrupt cotton aphid biological control.

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Section: Terrestrial Trophic Cascadementioning

confidence: 81%

Predation on immature parasitoids and its impact on aphid suppression

2001

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“…Cotton plants also contain suites of putatively defensive secondary compounds (Bi et al 1997). In spite of this, tetranychid spider mites appear to be well adapted to cotton plants and are severe pests of cotton in agricultural fields (Wilson et al 1987, Agrawal and Karban 1997, Sadras and Wilson 1997.…”

Section: Host-plant Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Range Evolution: Adaptation and Trade-Offs in Fitness of Mites on Alternative Hosts

Agrawal

2000

Ecology

197

112

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Trade‐offs in fitness on different host plants has been a central hypothesis in explaining the evolutionary specialization of herbivores. Surprisingly, only a few studies have documented such trade‐offs. In this paper, I present results from a selection experiment that demonstrates trade‐offs in host plant use for a polyphagous spider mite. Although adaptation to a novel poor‐quality host did not result in detectable costs on a favorable host, spider mites that had adapted to a poor‐quality host lost their ability to tolerate the poor‐quality host when they were reverted to the favorable host for several generations. Trade‐offs in fitness on alternative hosts among herbivorous spider mites remains one of the classic empirical examples of constraints on the evolution of host range. Adaptation to the novel poor‐quality host was not associated with adaptation to a related host‐plant species or to particular host‐plant chemicals that I assayed. Thus, the complexity of host‐plant defenses may restrict host shifts to single species of novel host plants, and adaptive zone shifts onto entire groups of plants predicted by the Ehrlich and Raven Model may be rare. Spider mite performance was genetically associated with host‐plant preference. Mites from the control population showed a significant preference for the favorable host plant, whereas mites adapted to the novel host plant showed no preference. Finally, although induced plant responses to herbivory in the poor‐quality host decreased the fitness of unselected mites, induced responses resulted in higher fitness of adapted mites. These results suggest that spider mites that rapidly adapt to particular host plants can overcome constitutive and inducible plant defenses.

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“…Cotton plants were infested with T. turkestani at bloom, three weeks after bloom, and eight weeks after bloom resulted in 63, 31, and 18 percent yield losses, respectively [29] . The studies revealed that early infestation of mites resulted in increased crop damage and yield loss [42,55,81,82] .…”

Section: Damage Symptoms and Quantitative Losses Caused Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, population built up and damage potential of Red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on marigold: A review

Bamel¹,

Gulati²

2021

J. Entomol. Zool. Stud.

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Marigold (Tagetus sp.) is a commercially exploited flower crop and is having a prominent place in ornamental horticulture. Agriculture is having a large impact on human economics and the emergence of red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae as a serious pest of marigold is a major concern. It leads to an economic yield reduction in crops depending on cropping seasons and agro-climatic conditions. Once it is established in an area, it is hard to get rid of it due to its high fecundity, dispersal techniques, short life cycles, rapid development of resistance to acaricides and adaptability to various ecological conditions. There is an urgent need to create awareness for this acarine and its behaviour for its timely management. This review gives a complete picture of the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, including its pests, biology, population dynamics, effect of environment and the damage it causes to marigold crop. Awareness through this documentation will open new scope for its early detection on marigold crop.

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Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Infestation Foci: Cotton Yield Reduction

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Predation on immature parasitoids and its impact on aphid suppression

Predation on immature parasitoids and its impact on aphid suppression

Host-Range Evolution: Adaptation and Trade-Offs in Fitness of Mites on Alternative Hosts

Biology, population built up and damage potential of Red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on marigold: A review

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