Sperm chromatin structure and male fertility: biological and clinical aspects

Ērenpreiss, Juris; Spanò, Marcello; Erenpreisa, J.; Bungum, Mona; Giwercman, Aleksander

doi:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00112.x

Cited by 260 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…20 DNA fragmentation is characterized by both single and double DNA strand breaks, and is particularly frequent in the sperm of subfertile men. However, it is also true that oocytes and early embryos can repair sperm DNA damage.…”

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormal sperm chromatin structure or DNA damage is thought to arise from four sources: (1) deficiencies in recombination during spermatogenesis, (2) abnormal spermatid maturation caused by protamination disturbances, (3) abortive apoptosis, and (4) oxidative stress. 20 Several assays have been developed to evaluate sperm DNA integrity, and exactly what is measured with each assay differs. 20 In general, however, the assays can be divided into three types: (1) assays to determine sperm chromatin structure, (2) tests of sperm DNA fragmentation, and (3) assays that assess the sperm nuclear matrix.…”

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Several assays have been developed to evaluate sperm DNA integrity, and exactly what is measured with each assay differs. 20 In general, however, the assays can be divided into three types: (1) assays to determine sperm chromatin structure, (2) tests of sperm DNA fragmentation, and (3) assays that assess the sperm nuclear matrix. 20 Probes to sperm chromatin structure.…”

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 In general, however, the assays can be divided into three types: (1) assays to determine sperm chromatin structure, (2) tests of sperm DNA fragmentation, and (3) assays that assess the sperm nuclear matrix. 20 Probes to sperm chromatin structure. Chromatin structural probes apply sensitive nuclear dyes to examine DNA integrity.…”

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures in situ DNA susceptibility to acidinduced conformational helix-coil changes with acridine orange fluorescence using automated cell sorting 20 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of New Sperm Tests for Male Infertility

Natali

Turek

2011

Urology

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The routine semen analysis, although used for more than 50 years, fails to accurately distinguish between fertile and infertile men. As a consequence, many tests of sperm function (TSF) have been developed. This review discusses both older and newer diagnostic TSF. It outlines the principles underlying each assay and reviews aggregate clinical data to determine its current relevance and utility. It concludes that the relevance of many older TSF is questionable, with the wide acceptance of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Newer TSF have the potential to deliver more clinically relevant information but require more extensive study to better understand their predictive role in the ICSI era. UROLOGY 77: 1027-1034, 2011. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.I n addition to the medical history and physical examination, the conventional semen analysis has been an essential laboratory test for the evaluation of male fertility for at least 50 years. However, the idea that fertility can be defined by threshold values of semen parameters is a concept that is fundamentally flawed. 1 Although not a true measure of fertility, the semen analysis, if abnormal, suggests that the probability of achieving fertility is lower than normal. 2 Because of biological variability, two semen analyses are generally needed, performed with two to three days of sexual abstinence and evaluated in a standardized fashion. 2 Recognized normal values for semen parameters are given in Table 1 in agreement with the latest recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO). 2 Traditionally, (except for the latest WHO recommendations), these references are derived by expert consensus and not by prospective clinical trials and thus their true relationship to male fertility is unclear. In addition, the definition of what constitutes "normal" semen parameters is constantly challenged. A meta-analysis of 29 US studies of semen quality from 9612 fertile, or presumably fertile, men suggested that a sperm concentration of 98 million/mL is normal. 3 Although sperm motility is considered the "best" predictor of fertility, normal sperm motility ranges from 53% to 62%. 4 Thus, simply deriving "normal" semen parameters has been a prohibitively lengthy and inconclusive process to date.Finally, other biological variables affect the clinical utility of the semen analysis. In addition to wide intraindividual variation, seasonal 5 and geographic variation 4 further complicate the performance of the semen analysis as a fertility measure. As examples, within-subject, interejaculate coefficients of variation for sperm concentration and motility are estimated at 44.7% and 15% in one study. 1 Thus, even with excellent quality control, wide biological variation in semen quality profoundly challenges the notion that the conventional semen analysis can accurately assess male fertility. OLDER ADJUNCTIVE SPERM TESTSBecause of the need to more precisely characterize normal fertile semen, adjunctive semen testing has become popular (Figure 1). The concept behind de...

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Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures in situ DNA susceptibility to acidinduced conformational helix-coil changes with acridine orange fluorescence using automated cell sorting 20 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Newer Adjunctive Sperm Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of New Sperm Tests for Male Infertility

Natali

Turek

2011

Urology

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Capturing and Stabilizing Folded Proteins in Lattices Formed with Branched Oligonucleotide Hybrids

2018

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The encapsulation of folded proteins in stabilizing matrices is one of the challenges of soft-matter materials science. Capturing such fragile bio-macromolecules from aqueous solution, and embedding them in a lattice that stabilizes them against denaturation and decomposition is difficult. Here, we report that tetrahedral oligonucleotide hybrids as branching elements, and connecting DNA duplexes with sticky ends can assemble into materials. The material-forming property was used to capture DNA-binding proteins selectively from aqueous protein mixtures. The three-dimensional networks also encapsulate guest molecules in a size-selective manner, accommodating proteins up to a molecular weight of approximately 159 kDa for the connecting duplex lengths tested. Exploratory experiments with green fluorescent protein showed that, when embedded in the DNA-based matrix, the protein is more stable toward denaturation than in the free form, and retains its luminescent properties for at least 90 days in dry form. The noncrystalline biohybrid matrices presented herein may be used for capturing other proteins or for producing functional materials.

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Apoptotic Events in Male Germ Cells and in Mature Mammalian Spermatozoa

Tapia

Peña²

Apoptosis: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Intracellular Ca2+ Homeostasi

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Sperm chromatin structure and male fertility: biological and clinical aspects

Cited by 260 publications

References 183 publications

An Assessment of New Sperm Tests for Male Infertility

An Assessment of New Sperm Tests for Male Infertility

Capturing and Stabilizing Folded Proteins in Lattices Formed with Branched Oligonucleotide Hybrids

Apoptotic Events in Male Germ Cells and in Mature Mammalian Spermatozoa

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