Speech Act Disagreement among Young Women in Iran

Parvaresh, Vahid; Rasekh, Abbas Eslami

doi:10.7771/1481-4374.1565

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, two particular studies, that considered that aspect, were found. Parvaresh and Eslami Rasekh (2009) studied the influence of the addressee's gender on the choice of disagreement strategies by female speakers of Persian. A DCT consisting of four situations was used to collect that data from 80 female native speakers of Persian.…”

Section: Disagreement and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disagreement has received considerable attention by researchers in different languages and from different perspectives during the last a few decades (e.g., Alkheder & Al-Abed Al-Haq, 2018;Kakavá, 1993;Khammari, 2021b;Koczogh, 2012;Kreutel, 2007;Muntigl & Turnbull, 1998;Parvaresh & Eslami Rasekh, 2009;Rees-Miller, 2000;Sharqawi & Elizabeth, 2019, among others). However, to the best of the researcher's knowledge, there are no studies that examined disagreement in SCA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Power Distance and Gender on the Choice of Disagreement Strategies in Saudi Colloquial Arabic

Alzahrani¹

2023

ILR

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The purpose of this study was to examine the potential impact of power distance and gender on the choice of disagreement strategies by speakers of Saudi colloquial Arabic (henceforth “SCA”) in same- and cross-gender interactions. A Discourse Completion Test (DCT) consisting of three situations reflecting the three different combinations of power status (high-low, low-high, and equal) was used to collect the data. To have a comprehensive account of the impact of gender, four groups of participants (Male®Male, Male®Female, Female®Female and Female®Male) were included. Each group consisted of 40 participants. The collected data were compared and analyzed using Maíz-Arévalo’s (2014) taxonomy of disagreement strategies. The data analysis revealed two patterns; firstly, when there was no power distance between interlocuters or when the speaker expressing disagreement had a higher power position than the addressee, gender appeared to have an impact on the choice of disagreement strategies by the speakers of SCA. When disagreeing with the same gender, both male and female speakers of SCA tended to use strong disagreement strategies but mitigated disagreement strategies when disagreeing with the other gender; and secondly, when the speaker expressing disagreement had a lower power position than the addressee, the gender of either the speaker or the addressee did not seem to have an impact on the choice of disagreement strategies. In this pattern, power appeared to be the decisive factor which both male and female speakers of SCA tended to use in mitigated disagreement strategies regardless of the gender of the addressee.

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Section: Disagreement and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Power Distance and Gender on the Choice of Disagreement Strategies in Saudi Colloquial Arabic

Alzahrani¹

2023

ILR

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“…Generally speaking, speech act studies in the literature have been tabulated under two categories: First group of studies conducted by Al-kahtani (2005); Cheng (2009); Karimnia & Afghari (2010) and Sharifian, (2005) dealt with the native speakers while Ahmadian & Vahid Dastjerdi (2010); Al-Eryani (2007); Bryant Smith (2009); Parvaresh & Eslami Rasekh (2009); Wannaruk (2008) and Wolfson (1981) studied with non-native speakers in comparison to their preferences with native speakers. A great deal of studies has been carried out regarding different types of speech acts by means of WDCT.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Use of Speech Act of Suggestions of Turkish ELT Students

Şenel

2021

ijeltal

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This paper outlines an attempt to research the speech act of suggestion of ELT students majoring at a state university in Turkey. A written discourse completion task (WDCT) and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data. The WDCT was developed by the researcher, and the responses of the participants were analyzed based on Martinez-Flor’s speech act of suggestion criteria. Regarding the participants' answers, it can be said that most of the participants used more conventionalized forms rather than the other forms. The data revealed that ‘direct strategies’ were the least used ones, but ‘hints’ were never used. Moreover, gender and high school differences did not play a prominent role in the production of suggestion strategies. It is believed that the findings of this study will enlighten our knowledge to understand some Turkish EFL/ELT university students’ production and perception of the speech act of suggestion because most of the studies in the Turkish context were about either refusal or complaining strategies; therefore, this study is believed to fill in this gap in this area. Correspondingly, this present study will also pave the ground to reconsider some critical points regarding the gap in the literature.

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“…In this regard, [20] argues that if women use masculine style of talk, this style is considered impolite and inappropriate though it is appropriate in a masculine domain. Reference [22] also argues that gender norms which are prominent in society are responsible for this gendered judgmental attitude and professional women are exposed to gendered judgments more than the other women due to the verbal style they employ to assert their ideas.…”

Section: Disagreement Power and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in a task based study on Iranian women [22], where the context forced them to express disagreement, the female interactants employ conflictives when and where the addressee is a female which ultimately implies impoliteness. However, [22] does not argue why in an Iranian culture and society, where men are more dominant and powerful according to their own research, Iranian women follow a pattern which deviates from politeness theory and can resonate masculine style of talk. They only rationalize that men and women interact differently in same sex and cross sex conversations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“Take Over Take Over / You are Teachers / Take Over”: Disagreements and the Construction of Power among Women

Mohajer¹

2015

IJSSH

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Abstract-Disagreement as a face threatening act is dispreferred because of violating social solidarity in talk. From gendered sociolinguistics perspective, men are attached to disagreement whereas women to agreement. This study, however, examines the strategies in which women disagree with one another as an interactional approach to convey their intended meanings. This paper draws on data from transcribed audio recorded face to face conversation of 4 groups of Iranian female friends in informal settings. The analysis of the data shows that the female participants express their disagreement boldly and explicitly, disregarding face threatening elements, just like men. It is also found that they care about maintaining their own faces more than the others' faces in the process of responding to disagreements. In addition, they exhibit a powerful style to criticize, challenge and contradict. It is finally argued that socio-cultural changes in the context of Iranian society had an impact on the females' interactive attitude.Index Terms-Disagreements, face and power, Iranian women, society. I. INTRODUCTIONDisagreement occurs when a person expresses a point of view that is in conflict with another person"s view or statement. Early works on conversation analysis (CA), concentrating on the social construction of talk, consider disagreement as a "dispreferred" second [1] since it violates the social solidarity of an interaction [2]. Disagreement can be either strong or soft. Strong disagreements are usually direct, bold, rude and offensive whereas soft disagreements are accompanied by hedges or indirect statements. However, soft or weak disagreements are preferred to strong disagreements in an interaction [3].Disagreements are more than just some utterances that are projected to express opposing ideas. According to [4], disagreements can be inter or intra culturally bonded. Reference [4] shows that in the process of disagreement, the interactants" history and their personal characteristics influence their disagreement. As such, it is very crude to look at the way the interactnats disagree without considering their sociocultural identities.Besides culture and the interactants" social background, gender of the interlocutors can influence disagreement [4] and the strategies which are employed. Drawing upon the adopted version of analysis of disagreement among men [5], Manuscript received May 24, 2014; revised August 27, 2014. Leila Mohajer is with the Women's Development Research Centre (KANITA), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (e-mail: topazleos@yahoo.com).this study aims to look at the way female friends disagree with one another in single sex groups in an informal setting. The participants" gender and their socio-cultural background are taken into account in order to make a comprehensive interpretation of the analysis of the strategies they employ to disagree. Moreover, the purpose of their disagreement is considered in this study. According to Holmes [6], it is essential to focus back on women ...

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Speech Act Disagreement among Young Women in Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

The Impact of Power Distance and Gender on the Choice of Disagreement Strategies in Saudi Colloquial Arabic

The Impact of Power Distance and Gender on the Choice of Disagreement Strategies in Saudi Colloquial Arabic

Investigating the Use of Speech Act of Suggestions of Turkish ELT Students

“Take Over Take Over / You are Teachers / Take Over”: Disagreements and the Construction of Power among Women

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