Spectrum-Effect Relationships between Fingerprints of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim and Inhabited Pro-Inflammation Cytokine Effects

Abstract

Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (CRM) is a Chinese folk medicine with significant effect on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was designed to explore the spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and the anti-inflammatory effects of CRM. Seventeen common peaks were detected by fingerprint similarity evaluation software. Among them, 15 peaks were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Pharmacodynamics experiments were conducted in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice to obtain the anti-inflammatory effects of different batches of CRM with four pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, and IL-17) as indicators. These cytokines were suppressed at different levels according to the different batches of CRM treatment. The spectrum-effect relationships between chemical fingerprints and the pro-inflammation effects of CRM were established by multiple linear regression (MLR) and gray relational analysis (GRA). The spectrum-effect relationships revealed that the alkaloids (N-methylcytisine, magnoflorine), saponins (leiyemudanoside C, leiyemudanoside D, leiyemudanoside G, leiyemudanoside B, cauloside H, leonticin D, cauloside G, cauloside D, cauloside B, cauloside C, and cauloside A), sapogenins (oleanolic acid), β-sitosterols, and unknown compounds (X3, X17) together showed anti-inflammatory efficacy. The results also showed that the correlation between saponins and inflammatory factors was significantly closer than that of alkaloids, and saponins linked with less sugar may have higher inhibition effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines in CIA mice. This work provided a general model of the combination of HPLC and anti-inflammatory effects to study the spectrum-effect relationships of CRM, which can be used to discover the active substance and to control the quality of this treatment.

Advances in Chemistry and Bioactivity of Magnoflorine and Magnoflorine-Containing Extracts

“…The in vivo research for Caulophyllum robustum Maxim extract indicates that MGN in connection with N-methylcytisine, saponins, sapogenins, and β-sitosterols (all compounds contained in this extract) showed an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the saponins were significantly better correlated with inflammatory factors than alkaloids [98].…”

Spectrum-Effect Relationships Between the Bioactive Ingredient of Syringa oblata Lindl. Leaves and Its Role in Inhibiting the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus suis

“…Thus, the gray relational analysis combined with the study of the effect of the chemical components on biofilm formation was used to obtain the bioactive ingredients. At the same time, gray relational analysis could explore the correlation of fingerprints and the anti-inflammatory effects directly ( Lu et al, 2017 ) and be used to evaluate the multiple performance characteristics of the bioactive substance and then be optimized into a single gray relational grade ( Lin and Lin, 2002 ). Thus, it was analyzed with S. suis biofilm data of each S. oblata sample and the peak area of 15 constituents.…”

A strategy for quality evaluation of salt-treated Apocyni Veneti Folium and discovery of efficacy-associated markers by fingerprint-activity relationship modeling

“…In this study, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to associate chemical composition with efficacy to evaluate AVF quality and, furthermore, to discover bioactive markers. GCA is often used to reveal quantitative comparisons of trends in dynamically changing systems and is suitable for solving problems with complicated interrelationships between multiple factors and variables 47,48 . GCA also provides a reliable method for the quality evaluation of TCMs.…”