Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Benzotriazole in Aqueous Solutions Using Gold Nanoparticles: Artificial Neural Network Modeling

Abstract

In this study, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry method was applied to determine benzotriazole (BTA) in aqueous solutions based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The experimental variables such as pH, time, the volume of various buffers, the concentration of different electrolytes, and concentrations of AuNPs were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method represented a linear range between 10 to 150 μg L À 1 (R 2 = 0.9941) with a detection limit (LOD) of 5 μg L À 1 . This method was successfully used to measure trace amounts of BTA in Ahwaz drinking water and Ramin power plant cooling water samples. The proposed spectrophotometry assay is accurate, low-cost, simple, and does not need any separation steps compared to the other methods. In the next step, an artificial neural network (ANN) using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Resilient Back propagation (RP) algorithms, was used to predict the absorbance of the mentioned factors. For each algorithm, 2 layers and for each layer 2,4,6,8, and 10 neurons were studied. According to mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R 2 ), the LM algorithm was better than the RP algorithm for the prediction of absorbance.[a] Dr.

Simultaneous determination of low molecule benzotriazoles and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in wastewater by ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by GC–MS detection

“…BTs are the fourth most abundant aquatic contaminants after ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and its salts, nitrilotriacetic acid alkylbenzene sulfonates 21 and their annual consumption in the United States alone exceeds 9000 tonnes and is very high in all developed economies 22 , 23 . Quantification of BTs and its derivatives in environmental samples is carried out mainly by chromatographic methods although literature describes the use of electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods for this purpose 24 , 25 . High-performance or ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, UHPLC) is usually used to determine BTs in the environmental and in biological samples.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Low Molecule Benzotriazoles and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in Wastewater by Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Followed by GC-MS Detection

“…Their annual consumption in the United States alone exceeds 9,000 tons, it can also be presumed that it is very high in all developed economies 22,23 . Quanti cation of benzotriazoles and its derivatives in environmental samples is carried out mainly by chromatographic methods, although the literature describes the use of electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods for this purpose 24,25 .…”