Specified Kiwifruit Extract Blocks Increase of Body Weight and Visceral Fat in High-fat-diet-fed Mice by Inhibiting Intestinal Lipase

Abstract

Oligomeric polyphenol-enriched specified kiwifruit extract (SKE) is reported to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the effects of SKE on body weight, visceral fat, and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Body weight gain was significantly and dosedependently suppressed in the groups fed a high-fat diet containing SKE (HF + SKE groups) compared to the high-fat diet control group (HF group). Moreover, Dose-dependent increases in triglyceride (TG) content in feces were observed in the HF + SKE groups. Since we confirmed that SKE inhibits lipase in vitro, these findings indicate that SKE suppresses the hydrolysis of TG by inhibiting lipase activity in the intestinal tract, thereby restricting the absorption of lipids, increasing the excretion of TG in feces, and suppressing the increase in body weight and visceral fat caused by the high-fat diet.

Using polyphenols as a relevant therapy to diabetes and its complications, a review

“…The effectiveness of EGCG was also observed by Yuda et al (2012), who identified theaflavin and theaflavin glycosides as additional potential PL inhibitors extracted from black tea residues, and by Rahim, Takahashi, and Yamaki (2015). Iwata et al (2019) studied the effects of kiwifruit extract, rich in proanthocyanidins (oligomeric flavonoids), on PL and body weight of mice fed a high fat diet. The authors concluded that the extract inhibited PL, which they detected by increased levels of triglycerides in the feces.…”

“…Although resveratrol increased AMPK amounts/activity, this is not the only mechanism through which CPT activity and levels are restored, since using AMPK activators alone did not restore CPT to normal levels in the patients studied by Bastin, Lopes-Costa, and Djouadi (2011). In addition to modulating the activity and expression of lipase, CPT and AMPK, polyphenols also modulate lipid levels, such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL (Zou et al 2014;Russo et al 2012;Iwata et al 2019;Egert et al 2009) and consequently body fat accumulation/weight gain (Iwata et al 2019;Yamabe et al 2006;Elbe et al 2015;Lambert, Hokayem, Thomas, Fabre, Cassan, Bourret, Bernex, Lees, et al 2018;Lambert, Hokayem, Thomas, Fabre, Cassan, Bourret, Bernex, Feuillet-Coudray, et al 2018;Buchholz and Melzig 2015). Wang et al (2018) extensively reviewed how products, including polyphenols, from marine origin could improve lipid metabolism.…”

“…Buchholz and Melzig (2015) extensively reviewed several polyphenol groups with PL inhibitory activity (flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans) with the goal of identifying PL inhibitors and concluded that the effect of flavonoids depends on the number and position of hydroxyl groups, with a higher number of groups conferring a higher inhibitory power. For flavan-3-ols, esterification, modification with galloyl moieties or increased degree of polymerization all improve inhibitory power (Buchholz and Melzig 2015;Iwata et al 2019;Rahim, Takahashi, and Yamaki 2015;Sosnowska et al 2018) while other flavonoids and anthocyanins have higher activity after eliminating glycoside modifications (Buchholz and Melzig 2015). In phenolic acids, like in flavonoids, the presence and position of hydroxyl groups over methoxy groups improves inhibition of PL and the distance between the carbonyl and phenol groups is also important for this effect, since HCAs have a higher activity when compared with hydroxybenzoic acids.…”

Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Extending Food Shelf-Life and in the Prevention of Health Diseases: Encapsulation and Interfacial Phenomena

“…In fact, phenolic antioxidants are capable of reducing the expression of ROS-generating enzymes/pathways, and increasing the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes [ 104 ]. In addition, phenols also modulate the expression and activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, such as the pancreatic lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), affecting the concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerides in the blood [ 105 , 106 ]. Phenolic antioxidants are also able to increase the expression, translocation, and activity of glucose transporters and modulate the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, lowering the blood concentration of glucose [ 107 ].…”