Specific sorbents for bilirubin removal from human plasma: Congo red-modified poly(EGDMA/HEMA) microbeads

Abstract

Congo Red-modified poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were investigated as a specific sorbent for bilirubin removal from human plasma. Poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were prepared by a modified suspension copolymerization technique. Congo Red was covalently incorporated into the poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads via condensation reactions between the aromatic amine groups of the dyes and the hydroxyl groups of the HEMA, under alkaline conditions. Bilirubin adsorption was investigated from hyperbilirubinemic human plasma on the poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads containing different amounts of attached Congo Red (between 2.5 and 14.6 mmol/g). The nonspecific bilirubin adsorption on the unmodified poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were 0.32 mg/g from human plasma. High adsorption rates were observed at the beginning, and the adsorption equilibrium was then gradually achieved in about 30-60 min. Much higher bilirubin adsorption values, up to 11.7 mg/g, were obtained with the Congo Red-modified microbeads especially at 37ЊC. The numbers (as mmol) of bilirubin molecules to albumin molecules adsorbed on the sorbent microbeads were in the range of 15-20, which showed that bilirubin molecules were preferentially adsorbed to the Congo Red-modified microbeads. Bilirubin adsorption increased with increasing temperature.

Bilirubin Removal from Human Plasma with Albumin Immobilised Magnetic Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Beads

“…Kanai et al have developed an improved model of anion exchange resin (IONEX) and they obtained the maximum amount of bilirubin in was 7.7 mg/g 35. Denizli et al used dye‐immobilised poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) microbeads and polyamide hollow fibres for bilirubin removal from human plasma 36–40. They obtained 6.8–48.9 mg per gram adsorbent.…”

Functional polyethersulfone particles for the removal of bilirubin

“…In this study, the main aim is to provide a facile and convenient method to prepare practical particles for the removal of bilirubin. The adsorbed bilirubin amounts in this study were comparable to other reports [30][31][32].…”

Adsorptive membranes for bilirubin removal

“…Polypeptide functionalized polyacrylamide beads prepared by Zhu et al were used as an affinity sorbent system for BR removal with adsorptions of 0.2-75 mg BR/g resin [10]. Denizli et al [21][22][23] have produced bioaffinity sorbents with poly(HEMA) or poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads as basic carrier for bilirubin removal from aqueous media, including plasma, with a yield of 6.8-32.5 mg/g sorbent. Senel et al [25] reported that up to 48.9 mg BR were retained per gram of modified polyamide hollow fibers with Cibacron Blue F3GA attached as affinity ligand on the membrane surface.…”

“…Under these, hemoperfusion, i.e., circulation of blood through an extracorporeal unit containing an adsorbent system for BR, has become the most promising technique [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In most cases basic ion exchange materials have been used, but uncharged polymers can also adsorb bilirubin from aqueous media.…”