Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Rubin, Arnold S.; Coons, Albert H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.68.8.1665

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In contrast, the addition of TT to cultures with similar numbers of normal spleen cells and normal thymocytes resulted in a slight depression in the anti-SRBC response (groups 3 and 4). Addition of TT to positive control (groups 5 and 6) and negative control cultures (groups 7 and 8) resulted in significant augmentation or slight depression, respectively, of the PFC response, as previously reported (6). We obtained no anti-SRBC plaques in SRBC-stimulated cultures of primed or normal thymocytes cultured in the presence of priming antigen nor in its absence (groups 9 and 10).…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

“…Recently, we reported that augmented responses similar to those after a second exposure to the same antigen need not be specific (6). Our data indicated that the addition of specific antigen to a population of primed cells results in the enhancement of the response to another unrelated antigen present in the environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Mice were shown to be primed, by finding antitoxin in their serum, as previously described (6). Cultures were prepared from the spleens of immunized and normal mice 30-60 days after injection by a modification of the method of Mishell and Dutton (6). Suspensions of primed and normal thymocytes were prepared by excising the upper two-thirds of the thymic lobes, care being taken to avoid fascial tags which might contain lymph node tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Rubin

Coons

1972

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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supporting

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Rubin

Coons

1972

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Each culture contained 1 ml of cells (2 X 107) suspended in medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Reheis Chemical Co., Kankakee, Ill.). Cultures were fed daily with a nutritional supplement (13) and were stimulated with approximately 3 million SRBC on the day of culture (day 0). 1 ng of tetanus toxoid was added to half of these cultures on day 2.…”

Section: Preparation Of Spleen Callmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Rubin

Coons

1972

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In short-term cultures of thymocytes from tetanus toxoid-immunized mice, the addition of 1 ng of toxoid generated the release of a soluble factor which was capable of enhancing the immune response to a heterologous immunogen. The addition of supernatants from such cultures to assay cultures of sheep erythrocyte-stimulated normal spleen cells produced a significant augmentation of the hemolytic plaque response. Culture fluid from similar cultures of normal thymocytes or primed thymocytes cultured without the priming antigen were inactive. The enhancing factor was nondialyzable, heat stable (56°C, 30 min), resistant to DNAse and RNAse, but was inactivated by protease. A factor produced by specifically stimulated primed spleen cells had similar characteristics. In toxoid-stimulated, mixed cell cultures containing primed thymocytes or spleen cells and normal spleen cells, tenfold fewer thymocytes than spleen cells were needed to produce a comparable degree of enhancement of the anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell response.

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Stimulation of anti‐hapten response by heterologous protein devoid of hapten

et al. 1972

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Rabbits were immunized with dinitrophenylated proteins. Injections with heterologous proteins were given 11 t o 25 days after the primary injection.Spleen cell suspensions from the immunized animals were exposed to either (a) the original antigen, (b) the carrier protein of the original antigen (c) the heterologous protein used for the second injection, and (d) the heterologous protein after it was dinitrophenylated. In all the experiments a significant increase in the anti-dinitrophenyl response was obtained, whereas no such response was obtained with proteins (or their dinitrophenylated derivatives) t o which the animals were not previously exposed. The results suggest that the anti-hapten response can be significantly augmented by immunization with heterologous hapten-devoid proteins. Eur. J. Immunol. 1972.2: 290-292 Several mechanisms to explain these observations have been proposed. The possible mechanisms involve: (a) release of pharmacologically active materials [7,9], (b) expansion of helper cell population due t o cross-reaction at the level of cell receptors [8, 91, (c) graft-versus-host reaction [ 6 ] , and ( d ) multipotential cell activity. Whether one of these mechanisms, or a combination of them, can account for all the observed phenomena remains t o be seen. We wish to thank Mrs. Esther Rosenthal and Mrs, Esther Cohen for their skilful technical assistance.

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Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Specific Heterologous Enhancement of Immune Responses

Stimulation of anti‐hapten response by heterologous protein devoid of hapten

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