Species composition, feeding and resting behaviour of the common anthropophilic anopheline mosquitoes in relation to malaria transmission in Gambella, south west Ethiopia

Nigatu, Wondatir; Petros, Beyene; Lulu, Mesfin; Adugna, Nesibu; Wirtz, Robert A.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400017707

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We identified 16 species of anophelines, of which 5 had been reported from southern Ethiopia 14. Unlike most studies in this country,2,14,30 An. pharoensis were rarely sampled in our study site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomologic Inoculation Rates of Anopheles arabiensis in Southwestern Ethiopia

Massebo¹,

Balkew²,

Gebre-Michael³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We collected anophelines every second week for one year from randomly selected houses in southwestern Ethiopia by using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, and artificial pit shelter constructions to detect circumsporozoite proteins and estimate entomologic inoculation rates (EIRs). Of 3,678 Anopheles arabiensis tested for circumsporozoite proteins, 11 were positive for Plasmodium falciparum and three for P. vivax. The estimated annual P. falciparum EIR of An. arabiensis was 17.1 infectious bites per person per year (95% confidence interval = 7.03–34.6) based on CDC light traps and 0.1 infectious bites per person per year based on pyrethrum spray catches. The P. falciparum EIRs from CDC light traps varied from 0 infectious bites per person per year (in 60% of houses) to 73.2 infectious bites per person per year in the house nearest the breeding sites. Risk of exposure to infectious bites was higher in wet months than dry months, with a peak in April (9.6 infectious bites per person per month), the period of highest mosquito density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomologic Inoculation Rates of Anopheles arabiensis in Southwestern Ethiopia

Massebo¹,

Balkew²,

Gebre-Michael³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…On the other hand, An. pharoensis showed more of outdoor biting behaviour ( Turner, 1972 , Nigatu et al, 1994 ). Low HBI was reported from south-central Ethiopia ( Animut et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High entomological inoculation rate of malaria vectors in area of high coverage of interventions in southwest Ethiopia: Implication for residual malaria transmission

Abraham

Massebo

Lindtjørn

2017

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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In Ethiopia, vector control is the principal strategy to reduce the burden of malaria. The entomological indicators of malaria transmission such as density, sporozoite rate and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) are parameters used to assess the impact of the interventions and the intensity of malaria transmission. The susceptibility of malaria vectors also determines the effectiveness of insecticide based vector control tools. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the species composition, sporozoite rate and EIR, and insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors.33 houses (18 for Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and 15 for exit traps) were randomly selected to sample Anopheles mosquitoes from October 2015 to May 2016. Plasmodium circum-sporozoite proteins (CSPs) of An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA).Five Anopheles species were identified from CDC Light traps and exit traps. An. arabiensis (80.2%) was the predominant species, followed by An. pharoensis (18.5%). An. pretoriensis, An. tenebrosus and An. rhodesiensis were documented in small numbers. 1056 Anopheles mosquitoes were tested for CSPs. Of which nine (eight An. arabiensis and one An. pharoensis) were positive for CSPs with an overall CSP rate of 0.85% (95% CI: 0.3–1.4). Five Anopheles mosquitoes were positive for P. falciparum and four were positive for P.vivax_210. P. falciparum CSP rate of An. arabiensis was 0.46% (95% CI: 0.13–1.2) and it was 0.54% (95% CI: 0.01–2.9) for An. pharoensis. The overall EIR of An. arabiensis was 5.3 infectious bites per/person (ib/p)/eight months. An. arabiensis was resistant to dieldrin (mortality rate of 57%) and deltamethrin with mortality rates of 71% but was fully susceptible to propoxur and bendiocarb. Based on the EIR of An. arabiensis, indoor malaria transmission was high regardless of high coverage of indoor-based interventions.Finally, there was an indoor residual malaria transmission in a village of high coverage of bed nets and where the principal malaria vector is susceptibility to propoxur and bendiocarb; insecticides currently in use for indoor residual spraying. The continuing indoor transmission of malaria in such village implies the need for new tools to supplement the existing interventions and to reduce indoor malaria transmission.

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“…multicolour under laboratory conditions. (Nigatu et al, 1994), but this may be due to lack of the parasite within its distribution (Antonio-Nkondjio et al, 2005). …”

Section: An Moucheti Evans Yes ?mentioning

confidence: 99%