Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling

Souza, Katyucia Oliveira Crispim de; Góes, José Augusto Passos; Melo, Matheus Santos; Leite, Paula Mara Gomes; Andrade, Lucas Almeida; Góes, Marco Aurélio de Oliveira; Ribeiro, Caíque Jordan Nunes; Araújo, Damião da Conceição; Menezes, Andreia Freire de; Santos, Allan Dantas dos

doi:10.1093/trstmh/traa128

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the health vulnerability index can be used as a tool to help municipalities identify priority areas for intervention and resource allocation and develop effective population-based prevention strategies for positive health outcomes [ 47 ]. In addition, these results reinforce that the control of leptospirosis depends, mainly, on the reduction of vulnerability and social inequality in the country, through improvements in quality of life, access to infrastructure, such as housing, sanitation in urban and rural areas, education, and income [ 48 , 49 ] in addition to measures directly related to secondary prevention, such as early diagnosis and universal treatment for the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Socio-geographical factors and vulnerability to leptospirosis in South Brazil

Teles¹,

Bohm

Silva

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Leptospirosis, caused by the Leptospira bacteria, is an acute infectious disease that is mainly transmitted by exposure to contaminated soil or water, thereby presenting a wide range of subsequent clinical conditions. This study aimed to assess the distribution of cases and deaths from leptospirosis and its association with social vulnerability in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. Methods The lethality rates and incidence of leptospirosis and their association with gender, age, education, and skin color were analyzed using chi-square tests. The spatial relationship between the environmental determinants, social vulnerability, and the incidence rate of leptospirosis in the different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul was analyzed through spatial regression analysis. Results During the study period, a total of 4,760 cases of leptospirosis, along with 238 deaths, were confirmed. The mean incidence rate was 4.06 cases/100,000 inhabitants, while the mean fatality rate was 5%. Although the entire population was susceptible, white-colored individuals, males, people of the working-age group, along with less-educated individuals, were more affected by the disease. Lethality was higher in people with dark skin, and the prime risk factor associated with death was the direct contact of the patients with rodents, sewage, and garbage. The social vulnerability was positively associated with the incidence of leptospirosis in the Rio Grande do Sul, especially in municipalities located in the center of the state. Conclusions It is evident that the incidence of the disease is significantly related to the vulnerability of the population. The use of the health vulnerability index showed great relevance in the evaluation of leptospirosis cases and can be used further as a tool to help municipalities identify disease-prone areas for intervention and resource allocation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Socio-geographical factors and vulnerability to leptospirosis in South Brazil

Teles¹,

Bohm

Silva

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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“…According to estimates, there are around 1 million cases of leptospirosis in the world per year, with 58,900 deaths caused by the pathology. In Brazil, there are approximately 4,000 cases per year, with a mortality rate of 8.5% (SOUZA et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Profile of Leptospirosis Cases in Brazil From 2015 to 2019

Erdocia¹,

Rodrigues²,

Macedo³

et al. 2022

JHS

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Leptospirosis, considered a public health problem, is an acute febrile infectious disease of compulsory notification with a lethality of up to 40% in the most severe forms, being caused by the bacterium of the genus Leptospira sp and transmitted by exposure to the urine of infected animals, such as the rats. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the epidemiological profile of reported cases of leptospirosis in Brazil between 2015 and 2019. The research has a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective nature with data collected in the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), disregarding information that is not present in the established time frame. In the period from 2015 to 2019, 16,938 cases of leptospirosis were reported, with a highlight in 2015 (25.29%), in the South region (36.58%), in the urban area (75.80%), in males (81.53%), in the age of 20 to 39 years (38.3%), in whites (47.76%). In addition, the majority obtained the Cure (82.96%). In view of this, there is a need to create public measures of a resolute nature in the face of health shortages, especially in regions of low socioeconomic status, to combat the incidence of this disease.

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