Spatial Variability of Chinook Salmon Spawning Distribution and Habitat Preferences

Cram, Jeremy M.; Torgersen, Christian E.; Klett, Ryan S.; Pess, George R.; May, Darran; Pearsons, Todd N.; Dittman, Andrew H.

doi:10.1080/00028487.2016.1254112

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…; Cram et al. ), although they may expand into other habitats when density is high (Isaak and Thurow ). A wide variety of physical factors affects this spawning site selection, including interactions among water velocity, depth, gravel size, and groundwater (Beechie et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past hatchery fry release patterns (notably, most fry releases were at the mouth between 2007 and 2009) may have influenced the distribution of the naturally spawning population and contributed to the steadily increasing number of fish spawning in the lower river (Timm and Wissmar 2014). Nevertheless, salmonid populations do not spawn uniformly or randomly in a river system but characteristically spawn in certain core areas perennially (e.g., Klett et al 2013;Cram et al 2017), although they may expand into other habitats when density is high (Isaak and Thurow 2006). A wide variety of physical factors affects this spawning site selection, including interactions among water velocity, depth, gravel size, and groundwater (Beechie et al 2008).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Spawningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Marking of Embryos by Location and Date of Release Reveals Within‐River Natal Homing and Parental Influence on Progeny Return Timing in Sockeye Salmon

et al. 2019

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The tendencies of salmon and trout to spawn in proximity to their natal sites and follow the parental timing of breeding are fundamental to their population structure and also affect the performance of enhancement facilities. Specifically, an understanding of how parental spawning date and offspring release location affect the timing and place of breeding by returning adults is important for the evaluation of hatchery supplementation programs and their integration with sympatric naturally spawning populations. We collected Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka carcasses in the Cedar River, Washington, over three spawning seasons to evaluate spawn timing and distribution. Thermal marks on the otoliths of hatchery‐origin carcasses allowed assignment of fish to parents that spawned in the early, middle, and late parts of the season and to fry release locations in the lower, middle, and upper parts of the river. The early portion of the spawning run was composed of a higher proportion of hatchery‐origin fish than was the case later in the season. Hatchery‐origin adults that were released early in the spring as fry (from early spawning parents) were recovered early in the season, and those released later in the spring as fry were recovered later in the season. The natural‐origin spawn timing most closely matched the spawn timing of middle and late hatchery fry release groups in all years. Our data also demonstrated a correspondence between hatchery fry release location and adult recovery location; fry released at river kilometer (rkm) 1.0 were recovered 7.0 km lower (median value) in the river than fry released at rkm 21.7 and were recovered 10.0 km lower than fry released at rkm 35.1. These data contribute to the substantial body of evidence that population characteristics of anadromous salmonids are sensitive to influence from fish culture practices—even under benign regimes—because of the strong connections between parental and progeny timing and the fine‐scale homing of salmon to release sites within a river.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Spawningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Marking of Embryos by Location and Date of Release Reveals Within‐River Natal Homing and Parental Influence on Progeny Return Timing in Sockeye Salmon

et al. 2019

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“…In other cases, there may not be definitive physical criteria indicating differences in function within a given habitat type. Spawning, for example, is generally associated with riffles indicated by rough water surfaces on aerial photographs or shallow flow over gravel bars, but the physical characteristics for suitable salmon spawning habitat remains an open question (Cram et al, ; Geist et al, ; McKean et al, ) that requires an adequate population of adults to occupy suitable locations. Thus, redd surveys supplemented by estimates of returning adult salmon remain a reliable method for monitoring spawning habitat, but longitudinal profiles of the river can serve to track both associations between salmon spawning and water depth and changes over time in water depths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A primary issue for water managers concerns how streamflow regulation influences the creation and maintenance of aquatic habitats especially for anadromous salmonids. Although salmonids respond to fine‐grained spatial heterogeneity in hydraulics, substrate, water quality, biota, and food resources (Armstrong et al, ; Cram et al, ; Harrison, Legleiter, Wydzga, & Dunne, ), an adaptive approach for long‐term monitoring (Lindenmayer & Likens, ) begins with a broad assessment of the availability of aquatic habitat and the distribution of key habitat types including riffles, pools, side channels, and shallow, low‐velocity areas along the edge of the main stem (Beechie, Liermann, & Henderson, ; Bellmore, Baxter, Martens, & Connolly, ; Jeffres, Opperman, & Moyle, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing aquatic habitats for long‐term monitoring of a fourth‐order, regulated river in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Konrad

Burton

Little³

et al. 2017

River Research & Apps

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A pragmatic approach to the long-term monitoring of rivers leverages available information with targeted field investigations to address key uncertainties relevant to management decisions. An over-arching management issue for many rivers is how reservoir operation affects the amount and location of in-channel sediment and the resulting distribution of aquatic habitats. We integrate remotely acquired and field-survey morphologic data for the Cedar River, Washington, to constitute the current status of aquatic habitats and benchmarks for long-term monitoring that will inform streamflow management. Four key habitats (river edge, side channels, riffles, and pools) are feasible to monitor with high-resolution aerial imagery, a longitudinal profile of the river, and a side channel inventory, but full characterization of the functional differences within these habitats requires additional information. Habitat use information such as redd surveys will continue to be important for long-term monitoring where it cannot be inferred reliably from physical habitat characteristics.

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“…Stream power and depth are important in explaining interannual site occupancy patterns by spawning Chinook Salmon (Cram et al. ). Further, hydrologic variability in a managed flow system may result in higher smolt survival and outmigration success because it more closely mimics natural flow patterns and habitat connectivity (Zeug et al.…”

Section: Habitat Connectivity In Different Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Habitat Connectivity Research for Pacific Salmon in Marine, Estuary, and Freshwater Environments

Flitcroft

Arisméndi

Santelmann

2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Research Impact Statement: Science supporting Pacific salmon habitat connectivity is dominated by freshwater studies with limited marine and estuary work that is also critical for effective conservation planning.ABSTRACT: Long-term conservation planning for diadromous fishes would benefit from a better understanding of both the role of connectivity among environments and habitat variability in the expression of life-history diversity. Most of the scientific knowledge on habitat fragmentation and connectivity has been developed in terrestrial systems in the discipline of landscape ecology. Research on habitat connectivity in aquatic systems (e.g., salmonid research that spans the spectrum of habitats from freshwater to the sea) is uncommon and largely focused on barriers to fish passage. Here, we present a review of the literature characterizing current research patterns on habitat connectivity within and among environments for Pacific salmon. We found this topic is still incipient: the literature is dominated by studies of freshwaters, with few articles focusing on habitat needs in estuary and marine systems. Pan-environment studies are rare, pointing to a gap in our understanding of complex habitat relationships that might be significant in the development of long-term conservation and restoration plans for Pacific salmon, particularly in light of the potential impact of climate change.

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Spatial Variability of Chinook Salmon Spawning Distribution and Habitat Preferences

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

Differential Marking of Embryos by Location and Date of Release Reveals Within‐River Natal Homing and Parental Influence on Progeny Return Timing in Sockeye Salmon

Differential Marking of Embryos by Location and Date of Release Reveals Within‐River Natal Homing and Parental Influence on Progeny Return Timing in Sockeye Salmon

Characterizing aquatic habitats for long‐term monitoring of a fourth‐order, regulated river in the Pacific Northwest, USA

A Review of Habitat Connectivity Research for Pacific Salmon in Marine, Estuary, and Freshwater Environments

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